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What is the impact of land tenure systems on food security and poverty?

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Land tenure systems refer to the rules and institutions that govern the access, use, and control of land resources. Different land tenure systems can have significant implications for food security and poverty, especially in developing countries where agriculture is a major source of livelihood and income. In this article, you will learn about the main types of land tenure systems, how they affect food security and poverty, and what are some of the challenges and opportunities for improving land tenure governance.

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Prakash Kafle

Thematic Leader-Resilience and Climate Justice at Oxfam
Peter Ilau

Senior Trainer at Pacific RBS Ltd

1 Types of land tenure systems

There are various ways to classify land tenure systems, but one common distinction is between formal and informal systems. Formal systems are based on legal recognition and documentation of land rights, such as titles, deeds, or leases. Informal systems are based on customary, religious, or traditional norms and practices, such as communal, ancestral, or collective ownership. Formal and informal systems can coexist or overlap in the same area, creating complex and dynamic land tenure arrangements.

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Prakash Kafle

Thematic Leader-Resilience and Climate Justice at Oxfam
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Land tenure (particularly land ownership) is linked to the investment on crop production, which will have impact on food security. Those who don't have "permanent" ownership of land, they will not invest on seeds, fertilizers, irrigation and do not take care of other cultivation practices. Hence, it is obvious that food production, which in turn contributes in food security will be reduced. Bank and financial institutions often do not consider informal tenure system as a legal collateral document, therefore farmers can't access loans and other banking services, which in turn reduced their ability to diversity their livelihoods. Thus, land tenure system has an impact on food security and poverty.

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Peter Ilau

Senior Trainer at Pacific RBS Ltd
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Land tenure systems significantly impact food security and poverty. Insecure land tenure limits access to land, investment, and sustainable practices, perpetuating poverty and food insecurity. Displacement, gender inequality, and conflicts over land further exacerbate these challenges. Establishing secure and inclusive land tenure systems is crucial for addressing these issues and promoting equitable access to land, sustainable practices, and poverty reduction.

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Yashwant Singh Tanwer

Economics | Philosophy | Education
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Land tenure systems significantly impact food security and poverty. Secure land rights enhance smallholder farmers' access to credit and incentivize long-term investments, improving productivity. Insecure land tenure can lead to land grabbing and conflicts, disrupting agricultural activities. A lack of tenure may hinder farmers' ability to access markets and adopt sustainable practices, exacerbating poverty. Strengthening secure land tenure is crucial for sustainable agricultural development, poverty reduction, and ensuring global food security.

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Michell Szczpanik

Técnico Administrativo da Equipe de Apoio do Agente de Compras da Camara de Irati. Engenheiro Ambiental de forma??o. Especialista em Gest?o Pública Municipal.
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A rela??o entre os sistemas de posse da terra e a seguran?a alimentar tem sido objeto de intensa pesquisa em 2022. Estudos recentes, como o de Smith et al. (2022), destacam que a estabilidade na posse da terra está diretamente correlacionada com a produ??o agrícola sustentável. Agricultores que possuem títulos de propriedade seguros e duradouros demonstram maior propens?o a investir em práticas agrícolas de conserva??o do solo, diversifica??o de cultivos e implementa??o de tecnologias avan?adas. Essa estabilidade, como apontado por Jones e Brown (2022), n?o apenas aumenta a produtividade, mas também contribui para a resiliência das comunidades frente a eventos climáticos extremos.

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2 Impact on food security

Land tenure systems can influence food security in several ways. First, they can affect the availability and access to land resources, which are essential for food production and consumption. Secure and equitable land rights can enable farmers to invest in land improvement, adopt sustainable practices, and diversify their crops and income sources. Insecure and unequal land rights can expose farmers to land grabbing, eviction, or marginalization, reducing their land productivity and resilience. Second, land tenure systems can affect the stability and utilization of food, which are related to the quality and safety of food. Secure and equitable land rights can empower farmers to participate in food markets, access credit and insurance, and demand better services and infrastructure. Insecure and unequal land rights can limit farmers' bargaining power, expose them to shocks and risks, and undermine their food sovereignty and nutrition.

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3 Impact on poverty

Land tenure systems can also influence poverty in various ways. First, they can affect the income and assets of land users, which are important for poverty reduction and wealth creation. Secure and equitable land rights can enhance land value, generate income opportunities, and facilitate asset accumulation and inheritance. Insecure and unequal land rights can reduce land value, constrain income options, and perpetuate asset poverty and inequality. Second, they can affect the empowerment and participation of land users, which are crucial for poverty alleviation and social inclusion. Secure and equitable land rights can strengthen land users' voice, agency, and identity, and enable them to access justice and claim their rights. Insecure and unequal land rights can weaken land users' representation, accountability, and legitimacy, and expose them to discrimination and violence.

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Jatin Taneja

Economics & Finance Young Professional | European Commission, BIS, BMW | Master of Economics, HWR Berlin | Expertise in Risk, Corporate Finance, Financial Analysis and Modelling, Treasury, Banking, Research.
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Insecure land tenure may hinder investment, disrupt agricultural productivity, and exacerbate poverty by limiting access to resources. As a consequence, advocating for robust land tenure policies is crucial for sustainable economic growth and poverty alleviation.

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4 Challenges and opportunities

Improving land tenure governance is a complex and context-specific task that involves multiple actors, interests, and dimensions. Some of the main challenges include: addressing the gaps and conflicts between formal and informal systems; ensuring the recognition and protection of the land rights of vulnerable groups, such as women, indigenous peoples, and pastoralists; balancing the competing demands and pressures on land resources, such as urbanization, industrialization, and climate change; and enhancing the capacity and coordination of the institutions and mechanisms that regulate and enforce land tenure systems. Some of the main opportunities include: leveraging the potential of new technologies, such as digital platforms, blockchain, and remote sensing, to improve land information and administration; fostering the participation and collaboration of the stakeholders, such as civil society, private sector, and local communities, to promote land tenure dialogue and reform; and aligning the land tenure policies and interventions with the global and national frameworks and goals, such as the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests, and the Sustainable Development Goals.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Carmen Feviliye

Journaliste-communicante, Consultante Climat des affaires et Investissement (marché africain subsaharien), ancienne Secrétaire générale et Administratrice chargée de mission Francophonie économique de l'UPF France.
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Une chose que je trouve utile est de se pencher sur le cas des femmes qui dans certains pays d'Afrique n'ont aucun droit à l'héritage. Elle n'hérite donc pas de la terre alors que nous savons que la femme est la première agricultrice : dans les campagnes africaines, c'est elle qui va au champ, cultiver la terre pour nourrir sa famille. Elle est aussi la première qui commercialise les produits agricols.Une entrave énorme au secteur agricole car les banques demandent des garanties foncières. Il est essentiel d'ameliorer et de réformer le droit de la femme africaine à l'héritage de la terre.

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What is the impact of land tenure systems on food security and poverty?

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3

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5

1 Types of land tenure systems

2 Impact on food security

3 Impact on poverty

4 Challenges and opportunities

5 Here’s what else to consider

Economics

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What is the impact of land tenure systems on food security and poverty?

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2

3

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5

1 Types of land tenure systems

2 Impact on food security

3 Impact on poverty

4 Challenges and opportunities

5 Here’s what else to consider

Economics

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