What are the different types of security testing?

As the threat landscape expands, businesses are becoming the primary targets and are constantly on the radar of hackers. Vulnerability scanning or assessment usually involves the use of some automated or manual techniques to identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, and hardware. This important practice not only assesses serious security threats but also helps identify major improvements that can be made in the security infrastructure. When planned, performed, and followed-up properly, vulnerability testing may highlight nearly all the security weaknesses in your organization. In order to get the best results, understanding the process flow and identifying the areas of improvement becomes necessary.

There are various types of Security testing to cater different asset classes and possible vulnerabilities. One testing which stands apart is Security Architecture Review, which looks at the solution holistically and tries to identify gaps/ improvement opportunities across all components of the solution.

Vulnerability scanning is the process of identifying security weaknesses and flaws in systems and software running on them. This is an integral component of a vulnerability management program, which has one overarching goal – to protect the organization from breaches and the exposure of sensitive data.

1. Vulnerability Scanning: Identifying and assessing vulnerabilities in a system. 2. Penetration Testing: Simulating real-world attacks to identify and exploit vulnerabilities. 3. Security Auditing: Examining security policies, procedures, and controls to ensure compliance.

Below are the different types of security testing that an organization may need 1. Vulnerability Assessment 2. Penetration Testing (Pen Testing) 3. Security Audits 4. Security Code Review 5. Risk Assessment 6. Security Architecture Review 7. Web Application Security Testing 8. Network Security Testing 9. Social Engineering Testing 10. Wireless Network Security Testing 11. Mobile Application Security Testing 12. Cloud Security Testing

A vulnerability scan only identifies vulnerabilities, while a penetration tester digs deeper to identify the root cause of the vulnerability that allows access to secure systems or stored sensitive data. The pen tester also looks for business logic vulnerabilities that might be missed by an automatic scanner.

Penetration testing, conducted by ethical hackers or security experts, simulates real-world attacks on systems or applications to assess their security. It evaluates resilience and effectiveness against different attack techniques, using manual methods or tools. This testing provides crucial insights and feedback to enhance security defenses and response strategies, ensuring robust protection against potential threat

Penetration tests help an organization understand their security posture and exposure. They are similar to vulnerability management (as the goal is to identify vulnerabilities) but it typically involves more thorough testing, such as web application vulnerabilities (SQLi, LFI) that vulnerability scanners can miss. The other aspect of penetration testing is the risk analysis. Not only are you identifying vulnerabilities, but also the business impact, GRC compliance, and risks associated with identified vulnerabilities. Organizations can identify weak points in their security posture and proactively respond. Overall, penetration tests help provide a holistic view of their attack surface and risk exposure.

When performing static analysis, it's important to also realize that finding vulnerabilities in just the source code itself is not enough. Source codes are ultimately compiled into binary and compilers arent perfect. So it is also important to do static analysis from the binary perspective as well with the right binary SAST tools that can do it. This will also allow scanning of vulnerabilities in third party libraries that were used in the application. Through a binary SAST tool, these libraries are reverse engineered, scanned for potential vulnerabilities and alerted so you can actually know whether the library that you are using is safe or not.

Static analysis is a security testing method that examines source or binary code without executing it. It identifies errors, bugs, vulnerabilities, or quality issues potentially impacting security or functionality. This analysis can occur at any development stage, using tools or manual reviews against set rules or standards, ensuring code integrity and enhancing overall system security

DMARC can help with risk assessment in the context of email security: Reducing Phishing Risks - By validating the source of communications, DMARC helps to prevent email-based risks such as phishing assaults. Email Fraud Mitigation - Reduces the risk of email fraud by guaranteeing that only authentic emails from a certain domain are sent to recipients. Email-Borne Threat Protection - DMARC reduces the risk of email fraud by assuring that only legitimate emails from a certain domain are delivered to recipients. #EasyDMARC

As a cybersecurity professional, I use different kinds of security tests to make sure systems are strong. Looking at risks helps me figure out how likely threats are and how much damage they could do to a system or app. This helps me focus on and fix the most important security problems. Pen testing copies real attacks to find weak spots while scanning for vulnerabilities spots known issues. Going through code makes sure software doesn't have security bugs, and checking settings ensures systems follow security rules. Each of these tests plays a key part in beefing up our defenses against cyber threats.

Vulnerability scanning as a part of vulnerability management Vulnerability scanning is an integral component of vulnerability management. The vulnerabilities have to be prioritized in order of business criticality and then added to the remediation queue. You need to keep the following in mind: Understand how critical a vulnerability is and what would be the impact to the business if exploited How easy would it be for a hacker to exploit the vulnerability – does an exploit for it exist and is publicly available Are there any existing security controls that could reduce the risk of the vulnerability being exploited.

There are many security tests available. Each test has its own purpose and outcome 1. Vulnerability assessment - to identify current technology gaps 2. Penetration testing - for exploiting known weaknesses 3. Red Teaming - for ethical hacking with a cyberattacker's mindset. Includes social Engineering too 4. Audits - Audits don't cover real time risks, they are for compliance and identify frauds/lapses in past timeline . Audit could be focused and covers standard controls such as risk assessment and security awareness trainings etc . Examples could be , a) ISO 27001/ PCI/SOC2 etc b) Secure SDLC audits / API audits c) Data Privacy Audits 4) Change mgmt audits and so on.

Before we talk about security testing, I thought it is important for the community to know the existence and the difference between software weaknesses, vulnerabilities and exploits because at different stages, different security testing tools serve to identify each of them in the SDLC cycle. SAST in general, is to identify software weaknesses, e.g buffer overflows. Not all buffer overflows are vulnerabilities. OSS serves to identify open source vulnerabilities. Vulnerability assessment serves to identify vulnerabilities of the products from blackbox perspective. Penetration testing serves to help ascertain the identified vulnerabilities are exploitable.

I’d like you to consider the need for control assurance testing. Do the controls you purchased, built, or are borrowing from an MSSP actual prevent/detect what they were designed for? Each control should be tested in isolation and regression tested as a layered stack. This way, you can gain the confidence in them in isolation and as they work together. There are several good software vendors who offer such solutions. This will help you focus on the controls with high failure rates. Think of it like a manufacturer who pulls goods from the line and tests them. Then when you do pen testing, make sure the testers record the time, technique and target of each attack and find out if you logged the attack, prevented the attack, and detected it.

There are different categories of Security testing: Technical Security Testing like Vulnerability assessment, Penetration testing, Application Security Testing, Cloud Security configuration testing, Phishing simulations etc. Non-Technical Testing like Gap Assessments, Risk assessments, Maturity assessments, Data security & privacy assessments, Third party/Vendor risk assessments etc. Other category is Continuous and non-continuous risk assessment. More and more Organizations are moving towards continuous assessments like Vulnerability assessment, cloud security posture assessments, external attack surface assessment, DevSecOps This real-time approach with continuous monitoring of new risks helping organizations respond in a timely manner.