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What are the differences in site design principles for public parks versus private residences?

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Landscape architects design outdoor spaces for various purposes and users, such as public parks and private residences. However, these two types of projects have different site design principles that reflect their distinct functions, contexts, and goals. In this article, you will learn about some of the main differences in site design principles for public parks versus private residences, and how they affect the aesthetic, environmental, social, and economic aspects of landscape architecture.

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Chris York

Mid-Market Account Executive @ Semrush | MarTech SaaS
Mahya Saberi

Let's design details with different technology. Architect| 3D Designer | BIM modeler |Freelancer| 3D Artist
Ar. Zeeshan Younis

Architect|Interior Designer|Freelancer|Doctor Of Buildings

1 Function and Context

Public parks are designed to serve the general public and provide a range of recreational, cultural, and ecological benefits. They are often located in urban areas, where they can enhance the quality of life and the identity of the city. Private residences are designed to meet the specific needs and preferences of individual clients and their families. They are usually located in suburban or rural areas, where they can offer privacy and comfort. Therefore, the function and context of the site influence the design principles for public parks and private residences in terms of scale, accessibility, diversity, and maintenance.

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Ar. Zeeshan Younis

Architect|Interior Designer|Freelancer|Doctor Of Buildings
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Public Parks: Inclusivity: Designed for diverse users. Program Variety: Offers diverse activities. Safety: Prioritizes visibility and lighting. Sustainability: Eco-friendly practices and native plants. Flexibility: Adaptable for community events. Maintenance: Durable, low-maintenance materials. Private Residences: Privacy: Emphasizes private spaces. Personalization: Tailored to homeowners. Aesthetics: Reflects individual taste. Functionality: Meets resident needs. Security: Balances with aesthetics. Maintenance: Allows for intricate designs.

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Munish Sawhney

Lead Technical Specialist | Developing Scalable Solutions
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Public parks prioritize accessibility, safety, and inclusivity, with open layouts, clear pathways, and amenities for diverse users. Private residences focus on personalization, privacy, and functionality, often featuring enclosed spaces, landscaped gardens, and tailored amenities reflecting individual preferences

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Drini Berati

Dual-Degree Architect and Landscape Architect | Shaping Sustainable Spaces
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In my opinion, the design principles for public parks and private residences differ significantly in terms of function and context. Public parks serve a communal purpose, requiring versatile spaces for various recreational activities and social gatherings. Private residences, on the other hand, prioritize the individual needs and lifestyle of homeowners. Contextual analysis, considering the surrounding environment and community dynamics, becomes pivotal for public parks, while private residences emphasize personal preferences and lifestyle considerations.

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2 Scale and Accessibility

Public parks tend to have a larger scale and a higher level of accessibility than private residences. This means that they have to accommodate more users, activities, and features, such as playgrounds, trails, pavilions, and water fountains. They also have to comply with the standards and regulations for public safety, accessibility, and universal design. Private residences, on the other hand, tend to have a smaller scale and a lower level of accessibility than public parks. This means that they can be more customized, intimate, and flexible, depending on the client's wishes and budget. They also have more freedom to experiment with different styles, materials, and elements, such as pools, gardens, and fire pits.

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Chris York

Mid-Market Account Executive @ Semrush | MarTech SaaS
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There are a few different standards for Accessibility online. The most widely used is the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. Following the WCAG guidelines will help ensure you'll be protected against lawsuits while also ensuring the best user experience possible. Though public parks usually have to follow these guidelines, it should still be considered for private residences. It's also best to set this up right from the beginning, so you don't have to change your whole website to meet these guidelines. Many tools can help with this, including Semrush, though I might be a bit biased towards our tools.

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Basim Dudeen

Senior Architect | Design Manager | PMP? | LEED AP BD+C
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Private residences generally offer more room for creativity in design, as they cater to the specific tastes and preferences of the individual or family. Homeowners have the freedom to personalize spaces, choose unique landscaping, and experiment with architectural styles. Public parks, while still allowing for creative design, often have to consider broader community needs and adhere to safety and accessibility standards, which may impose certain limitations on individual creativity.

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3 Diversity and Maintenance

Public parks and private residences also differ in their diversity and maintenance requirements. Public parks aim to create a diverse and dynamic environment that can attract and satisfy different users, ages, and interests. They often incorporate a variety of plants, materials, colors, textures, and forms, as well as seasonal and temporal changes. They also require regular and professional maintenance to ensure their functionality, safety, and beauty. Private residences, in contrast, aim to create a harmonious and personalized environment that can reflect and enhance the client's lifestyle, taste, and personality. They often follow a consistent and coherent theme, style, or palette, as well as the existing architecture and landscape of the site. They also require less and simpler maintenance to keep their costs and efforts low.

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Mahya Saberi

Let's design details with different technology. Architect| 3D Designer | BIM modeler |Freelancer| 3D Artist
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Public parks can be a place to revitalize space. It may be that the land to be parked is very old or the park is located in a neighborhood with a long history. This park can preserve the historical characteristics of the neighborhood and show it to the public. It can even grow native plants of that region so that in addition to the need for less maintenance, the identity of the region and the neighborhood can be preserved by the park.

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Drini Berati

Dual-Degree Architect and Landscape Architect | Shaping Sustainable Spaces
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Diversity in plant species, amenities, and recreational elements is paramount in public parks to cater to a broad user base. Maintenance strategies are designed for heavy foot traffic and diverse activities. Private residences, however, may prioritize specific plant palettes and amenities tailored to the homeowners' preferences, with maintenance plans aligned to individual lifestyle choices.

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4 Aesthetic and Environmental

Another difference in site design principles for public parks and private residences is related to their aesthetic and environmental impacts. Public parks strive to create a positive and memorable impression on the public and the cityscape. They often use iconic, symbolic, or expressive elements, such as sculptures, fountains, or monuments, to create focal points, landmarks, or narratives. They also aim to improve the environmental quality and sustainability of the urban area. They often use native, adaptive, or resilient plants, materials, and techniques, to conserve water, energy, and resources, as well as to create habitat, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. Private residences strive to create a comfortable and enjoyable atmosphere for the client and the guests. They often use subtle, elegant, or inviting elements, such as lighting, furniture, or accessories, to create ambience, mood, or character. They also aim to enhance the environmental performance and comfort of the site. They often use low-impact, durable, or renewable plants, materials, and technologies, to reduce waste, emissions, and noise, as well as to create microclimate, shade, and ventilation.

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Drini Berati

Dual-Degree Architect and Landscape Architect | Shaping Sustainable Spaces
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Aesthetic and environmental considerations vary as well. Public parks often emphasize a cohesive aesthetic that harmonizes with the natural surroundings and urban fabric, incorporating sustainable design principles. Private residences afford more freedom for personalized aesthetics, with environmental considerations tailored to the specific site conditions and preferences of the homeowners.

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5 Social and Economic

The last difference in site design principles for public parks and private residences is related to their social and economic implications. Public parks seek to create a social and cultural value for the community and the city. They often provide opportunities for social interaction, participation, and inclusion, such as events, festivals, or programs. They also contribute to the economic development and vitality of the area. They often generate revenue, tourism, or investment, as well as increase property values, tax revenues, and employment. Private residences seek to create a personal and emotional value for the client and the family. They often provide spaces for relaxation, entertainment, and expression, such as hobbies, hobbies, or collections. They also contribute to the economic security and satisfaction of the client. They often increase the marketability, resale value, or equity of the property, as well as reduce the operating, maintenance, or utility costs.

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Drini Berati

Dual-Degree Architect and Landscape Architect | Shaping Sustainable Spaces
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In my experience, social dynamics and economic considerations further differentiate the design principles. Public parks are social hubs requiring careful planning for inclusivity and diverse user experiences. Economic considerations involve budgeting for public amenities. Private residences consider the socio-economic profile of homeowners, shaping design choices to reflect individual tastes and budget constraints.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the differences in site design principles for public parks versus private residences?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Function and Context

2 Scale and Accessibility

3 Diversity and Maintenance

4 Aesthetic and Environmental

5 Social and Economic

6 Here’s what else to consider

Landscape Architecture

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What are the differences in site design principles for public parks versus private residences?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Function and Context

2 Scale and Accessibility

3 Diversity and Maintenance

4 Aesthetic and Environmental

5 Social and Economic

6 Here’s what else to consider

Landscape Architecture

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