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What are the differences between web frameworks and web libraries?

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If you are a software engineer who works with web development, you have probably encountered the terms web frameworks and web libraries. But what are they and how do they differ? In this article, we will explain the basic concepts and characteristics of both, and give you some examples of popular web frameworks and web libraries.

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1 Web frameworks

A web framework is a set of tools and components that provide a standard way of creating and running web applications. A web framework usually includes features such as routing, templating, authentication, database access, testing, and security. A web framework can help you save time and effort by handling common tasks and problems that you would otherwise have to code from scratch. Some examples of web frameworks are Django, Ruby on Rails, Express, and Laravel.

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Sergey Musiyenko

Sr. Full Stack Web Developer/AWS Certified Solutions Architect
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Web frameworks are software structures used in web development to simplify and standardize the creation of web applications. They provide a foundation with pre-defined tools, rules, and conventions for building websites or web services. These frameworks typically include architecture guidelines, common functionality for tasks like routing and database access, security features, and code organization recommendations. Web frameworks often have active communities and ecosystems that offer extensions and plugins to enhance their capabilities. They are opinionated in the sense that they promote specific approaches to development, making them useful for maintaining consistency and best practices in projects.

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2 Web libraries

A web library is a collection of reusable code that performs a specific function or provides a specific feature. A web library can be used independently or in combination with other libraries or frameworks. A web library does not impose a structure or a convention on your web application, but rather gives you more flexibility and control over how you use it. Some examples of web libraries are jQuery, React, Bootstrap, and Lodash.

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Sergey Musiyenko

Sr. Full Stack Web Developer/AWS Certified Solutions Architect
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Web libraries are collections of modular functions, classes, and methods that offer specific, focused functionalities for web development. Unlike web frameworks, libraries are not comprehensive structures but provide individual tools or components that developers can selectively integrate into their projects. These libraries are designed to be flexible, allowing developers to choose the components that best suit their needs. They do not impose a specific application architecture, providing developers with the freedom to design their own project structure. Common examples of web libraries include React for building user interfaces, jQuery for DOM manipulation, and Axios for making HTTP requests.

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3 Differences between web frameworks and web libraries

One of the main differences between web frameworks and web libraries is the level of abstraction and automation they offer. A web framework provides a high-level and comprehensive solution for building web applications, while a web library provides a low-level and focused solution for a particular aspect of web development. Another difference is the degree of dependency and integration they require. A web framework usually expects you to follow its rules and conventions, and to use its components and modules, while a web library allows you to choose how and when to use it, and to mix and match it with other libraries or frameworks.

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Sergey Musiyenko

Sr. Full Stack Web Developer/AWS Certified Solutions Architect
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Web frameworks and web libraries are essential tools in web development, each with distinct characteristics. Web frameworks offer a structured, opinionated approach to web development, while web libraries provide flexibility and modular components for specific tasks. The choice between them depends on project requirements and the level of control a developer desires.

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4 Advantages and disadvantages of web frameworks and web libraries

Web frameworks and web libraries both have their own pros and cons, depending on your needs and preferences. Web frameworks can simplify and speed up the development process, ensure consistency and reliability, and facilitate collaboration and maintenance. However, they can limit your creativity and flexibility, increase your learning curve and complexity, and create dependency and compatibility issues. On the other hand, web libraries can enhance your creativity and flexibility, reduce your learning curve and complexity, and create independence and compatibility. But they can complicate and slow down the development process, compromise consistency and reliability, and hinder collaboration and maintenance.

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5 How to choose between web frameworks and web libraries

Selecting between web frameworks and web libraries is a complex decision that depends on various factors such as project requirements, personal preferences, team size and skills, and available resources and time. Generally, web frameworks are best for large-scale, complex, and robust web applications with standard architecture and design while web libraries are better suited for small-scale, simple, and flexible projects with custom logic and style. If you need a medium-scale, moderate, and balanced web application, consider leveraging the strengths of both web frameworks and web libraries.

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6 Examples of web frameworks and web libraries

To illustrate the differences between web frameworks and web libraries, here are some examples of popular and widely used ones in the web development industry. Django is a web framework for Python that follows the Model-View-Template (MVT) pattern, with features such as object-relational mapping (ORM), URL routing, template engine, authentication system, and admin interface. React is a web library for JavaScript that follows the component-based approach, with virtual DOM, hooks, state management, and JSX syntax. Bootstrap is a web library for CSS that follows the grid system and provides responsive design, typography, icons, forms, buttons, and components. Express is a web framework for Node.js that follows the middleware concept, offering features such as routing, request handling, error handling, and template engine.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the differences between web frameworks and web libraries?

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1 Web frameworks

2 Web libraries

3 Differences between web frameworks and web libraries

4 Advantages and disadvantages of web frameworks and web libraries

5 How to choose between web frameworks and web libraries

6 Examples of web frameworks and web libraries

7 Here’s what else to consider

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