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What is cut-through switching and how does it differ from store-and-forward switching?

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If you are a network engineer, you probably know that switching is a key function of the data link layer in a local area network (LAN). Switching allows devices to communicate with each other by forwarding frames based on their destination addresses. But did you know that there are different types of switching methods that can affect the performance and efficiency of your network? In this article, we will explain what is cut-through switching and how does it differ from store-and-forward switching, two common switching methods used in LANs.

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Sudhanva Rao

Site Reliability Engineer | Network Engineer | Security | Automation | Software Test Engineer @Nokia | SRE @Evertz |…

1 Store-and-forward switching

Store-and-forward switching is a method where the switch receives the entire frame before forwarding it to the destination port. The switch checks the frame for errors, such as CRC (cyclic redundancy check) errors, and discards any corrupted frames. This reduces the chance of propagating bad frames in the network and improves the reliability of data transmission. However, store-and-forward switching also introduces more latency, as the switch has to wait for the whole frame to arrive and perform error checking before sending it out.

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Franco Buratti

Lead Network Consultant EMEA SDN Competence Centre
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Switches that use cut-through switching can make a forwarding decision as soon as they get the first couple of bytes of the incoming frame. The switch does not have to wait for the rest of the frame to start switching the frame to the outgoing port. In store-and-Forward switching, the frame has to be received entirely before a forwarding decision is made. Once received and buffered, the switch will compare the FCS field of the frame against its frame-check-sequence (FCS) calculations to ensure the integrity and correctness of the data. If the CRC values don't match, the frame is marked as invalid and dropped. Store-and-forward switching creates higher latency.

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2 Cut-through switching

Cut-through switching is a method where the switch forwards the frame as soon as it reads the destination address from the frame header. The switch does not perform any error checking on the frame and does not wait for the entire frame to arrive. This reduces the latency and increases the throughput of the network, as the switch can forward frames faster and more efficiently. However, cut-through switching also has some drawbacks, such as the possibility of forwarding corrupted frames or creating collisions in the network if the frame size is larger than the available bandwidth.

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3 Trade-offs between switching methods

As you can see, there are trade-offs between store-and-forward switching and cut-through switching. Store-and-forward switching offers more reliability and error control, but at the cost of more latency and lower throughput. Cut-through switching offers more speed and efficiency, but at the risk of more errors and collisions. Depending on your network requirements and design, you may choose one method over the other, or use a combination of both methods in different segments of your network.

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4 How to configure switching methods

Most modern switches support both store-and-forward switching and cut-through switching, and allow you to configure the switching method on a per-port or per-VLAN basis. For example, you may use store-and-forward switching on ports that connect to end devices, such as PCs or servers, to ensure data integrity and reliability. You may use cut-through switching on ports that connect to other switches or routers, to achieve higher performance and lower latency. To configure the switching method on a Cisco switch, you can use the switchport mode store-and-forward or switchport mode cut-through commands on the interface configuration mode.

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5 Benefits of switching methods

By understanding the differences and trade-offs between store-and-forward switching and cut-through switching, you can optimize your network performance and efficiency. You can also troubleshoot potential issues that may arise from using different switching methods, such as frame errors, collisions, or congestion. Switching methods are an important aspect of LAN switching fundamentals that every network engineer should know and master.

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Sudhanva Rao

Site Reliability Engineer | Network Engineer | Security | Automation | Software Test Engineer @Nokia | SRE @Evertz | CCNA | JNCIA | Python | GCP | AWS | Open to work | M.S in Computer Networks
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In cut-through switching, the switch begins forwarding the packet as soon as it receives/reads the destination MAC address, this results in lower latency switching as it doesn't wait for the entire packet to arrive when forwarding it. In store-and-forward switching, the switch waits for the entire packet to store in its buffer before forwarding it. This leads to a better error-checking mechanism for integrity when compared to cut-through switching.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What is cut-through switching and how does it differ from store-and-forward switching?

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1 Store-and-forward switching

2 Cut-through switching

3 Trade-offs between switching methods

4 How to configure switching methods

5 Benefits of switching methods

6 Here’s what else to consider

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What is cut-through switching and how does it differ from store-and-forward switching?

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1 Store-and-forward switching

2 Cut-through switching

3 Trade-offs between switching methods

4 How to configure switching methods

5 Benefits of switching methods

6 Here’s what else to consider

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