What are the biggest sources of greenhouse gases in your area?

GHG quantify and monitor the emissions produced by a business's operations GHG are gases that naturally present in the earth's atmosphere or released through?human activities. Kyoto Protocol identified 6 GHGs as the main contributors to global warming. Gases include CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most prevalent GHG, accounting for about?76%?of global GHG emissions.?CO2 is produced by the burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and gas, which are used for transportation, industry, and homes. Methane, primarily from agriculture, contributes?16%?of GHG emissions; and nitrous oxide, mostly from industry and agriculture, contributes?6%.

Greenhouse Gas Accounting is a crucial step for companies to understand their contribution to climate change. This accounting methodology allows to calculate the tons of CO2 equivalent that are generated directly and indirectly by an organisation's activities. The calculation serves as a foundation to set targets, elaborate decarbonisation strategies and quantify the reductions that are achieved over time.

GHG's mainly come from burning or combustion of Fossil fuels such as oil and gas, as well as from animal waste that is decomposed.

Fugitive emissions from coal mining. Estimated at 5% of total global emissions it is expected to increase. As the coal seams get deeper, the coal gassiness and methane content increases.

The main sources of greenhouse gases in my area are from natural gas flaring, the local refining of crude oil, vehicle exhaust emissions and bush burning.

Here are some of the key steps companies follow when doing a GHG inventory: - Define the business goals of the inventory - Set the boundaries and consolidation approach - Create a data management plan and recalculation policy - Identify the emission sources - Collect data & engage with value chain partners - Source appropriate emission factors - Conduct calculation - Create the GHG inventory report The work does not stop there. Once the inventory is complete, companies should analyse hotspots, identify drivers of emissions, set goals and reduction strategies.

Enterprises use a multitude of methods to measure and calculate their Scope 3 emissions. Some of them are: 1- Spend-Based: involves estimating a company's indirect emissions based on the value of the goods and services it purchases from suppliers. 2- Fuel-Based: enterprise must first identify the types and amounts of fuels it uses, such as natural gas, coal, gasoline, etc 3- Activity-Based: The activity-based method is another way of calculating emissions. While it is similar to the spend-based method, it relies on the material weight and other units of measurement instead of financial data. 4- Supplier-Specific: requires enterprises to collect product-level, cradle-to-gate GHG inventory data from all suppliers of goods or services.

é importante destacar que temos a obrigatoriedade de calcular as emiss?es diretas (escopo 1 e 2). Para o escopo 3 o cálculo por enquanto é opcional.

Scope 1 are direct emissions. For instance burning fuel in a car with lead to GHG emitted at exhaust. Scope 2 are emissions from purchased electricity, heat and steam. They do not happen in your organisation as the GHGs are emitted at the power plant for instance but you are still responsible for them. Scope 3 includes the indirect emissions from your value chain.For instance, the emissions that happened during the production of an item that you buy. While you do not have direct control over them, your activities are leading to those emissions.

The major part of an organization's emissions comes from Scope 3 and these emissions are the most difficult one to calculate and control. They are divided into upstream and downstream emissions. Upstream emissions generally come from the production of a company's product while downstream emissions are from the use, processing and disposal of a product.

Scope 3 emissions account for the bulk of many company’s GHG emissions – depending on the industry, typically over 85% of its overall emissions. The GHG protocol specifies 15 categories of Scope 3 emissions, including upstream activities such as: Purchased goods and services Capital goods Fuel and energy related activities Transportation and distribution Waste from operations Business travel Employee commuting Leased assets Downstream activities are also included in Scope 3 emissions: Transportation and distribution Processing of sold products Use of sold products End-of-life treatment of sold products Leased assets Franchises Investments

They are several ways to calculate emissions from an activity. For instance, the emissions of a road trip could be calculated based on the fuel consumed or the distance travelled. All of these methodologies are codified in the GHG Protocol Standard which includes helpful decision trees for you to decide on a suitable methodology based on the data you have available. You should also consider to improve your data collection over time so that you can move towards the most accurate methodologies.

Carbon accounting needs the seamless integration of data from various sources such as energy consumption, transportation, supply chain, purchased goods, and services data. Data integration helps with this process of combining data from disparate sources into a unified and coherent structure.data integration for carbon accounting comes with its own challenges: 1- Data Quality and Consistency 2- Data Accessibility 3- Technical Compatibility 4- Data Volume and Complexity

Calculating emissions is simple math. Just multiplications and additions. The challenge lies in getting the right data and emission factors. When reporting, follow the guidelines of the standard and try to be comprehensive and transparent. Number are not enough, you should also include description of boundaries, exclusion, calculation methodologies and sources of emission factors.

When accounting for GHG emissions, it is important to adopt the same methodology and boundariee across the different geographies in the region to ensure consistency and uniformity in data. After doing baselining and getting data, it is always good to get external data verification to ensure there are no gaps within the data source

Why Carbon Accounting Is Important for Your Business? The Business Benefits and importance of carbon accounting for businesses cannot be emphasised enough – it helps businesses obtain a granular understanding of their environmental impact and drive effective climate action. While regulators, investors, and consumers put pressure on enterprises to adopt carbon accounting, enterprises should also consider the many business benefits of carbon accounting

Specific for the pathways for the carbon removals in land use and/or agriculture/forestry sector, the client could provide a land management Net CO2 Removals and Emissions (Carbon Removals), which include on below: - harvesting rotation periods, - replanting - crop tillage and residue management - crop rotations or intercropping - dynamics agroforestry - conservation buffers and set aside lands/conservation areas - agriculture conservation/regenerative agriculture - forest restoration - remediation and compensation (conservation and social liability plan) - enhancing soil organic carbon (regenerative agriculture)