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What are the best practices for UAV navigation and control during emergencies?

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UAVs, or unmanned aerial vehicles, are widely used for various applications, such as surveillance, mapping, delivery, and exploration. However, they may encounter emergencies that require quick and effective navigation and control actions to avoid crashes, collisions, or losses. In this article, you will learn some of the best practices for UAV navigation and control during emergencies, based on the latest research and industry standards.

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Sachin Ramesh, MAPM

Director & CEO at Volador Energy and Volador FlyTech | Aerospace & Energy Storage Specialist | Business Strategist |…
Gilles Pavan

Founder @Adaequa

1 Fault detection

One of the first steps to handle an emergency is to detect and identify the fault that affects the UAV's performance or safety. Faults can be classified into two types: actuator faults and sensor faults. Actuator faults occur when the motors, propellers, or servos that control the UAV's motion malfunction or fail. Sensor faults occur when the sensors that measure the UAV's position, velocity, attitude, or environment provide inaccurate or corrupted data. Fault detection methods can use analytical models, data-driven techniques, or a combination of both to compare the expected and actual behavior of the UAV and flag any discrepancies.

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Gilles Pavan

Founder @Adaequa
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What about navigation faults for assisted or autonomous UAVs ? Are they considered as actuator faults ? There will be more and more hardware and software, possibly AI, between sensors and the actuator components.

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2 Fault isolation

Once a fault is detected, the next step is to isolate the source and location of the fault. Fault isolation methods can use diagnostic algorithms, machine learning models, or probabilistic reasoning to determine which component or subsystem is faulty and how severe the fault is. Fault isolation is important for selecting the appropriate fault recovery strategy and providing feedback to the operator or the ground station. Fault isolation can also help to estimate the remaining capabilities and performance of the UAV after the fault.

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3 Fault recovery

The final step is to recover from the fault and resume the normal operation or mission of the UAV. Fault recovery methods can use adaptive control, reconfigurable control, or fault-tolerant control techniques to adjust the control parameters, reassign the control inputs, or compensate for the fault effects. Fault recovery methods can also use contingency planning, path planning, or obstacle avoidance algorithms to find a safe and feasible route to a landing site or a rendezvous point. Fault recovery methods should aim to minimize the impact of the fault on the UAV's objectives and constraints.

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Martin Tegelj

System Safety Engineer at Airbus in Australia Pacific
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Why recover? Just limit your UAS' flight to over no-populated areas. That is the beauty of the UAS. Airworthiness requirements go out the window and we see more an more untrained civilians operating these systems and non-aerospace tech company developing these systems.

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4 Emergency communication

Another crucial aspect of UAV navigation and control during emergencies is the communication between the UAV and the operator or the ground station. Emergency communication methods should ensure that the UAV can send and receive timely and reliable information about its status, location, and actions. Emergency communication methods should also consider the bandwidth, latency, and security of the communication channel, as well as the autonomy level and human-in-the-loop involvement of the UAV. Emergency communication methods can use standard protocols, such as MAVLink or DDS, or custom protocols, depending on the application and scenario.

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5 Emergency simulation

A useful way to improve the UAV navigation and control during emergencies is to simulate different types of faults and scenarios and test the UAV's response and performance. Emergency simulation methods can use software tools, such as MATLAB or ROS, or hardware platforms, such as drones or wind tunnels, to create realistic and challenging conditions for the UAV. Emergency simulation methods can help to evaluate and compare different fault detection, isolation, and recovery methods, as well as to identify and correct any weaknesses or limitations of the UAV.

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6 Emergency training

The last but not least best practice for UAV navigation and control during emergencies is to train the operators and the ground station staff on how to handle and manage the emergencies. Emergency training methods can use online courses, workshops, or manuals to teach the theoretical and practical aspects of UAV fault diagnosis and recovery. Emergency training methods can also use virtual reality, augmented reality, or gamification to provide interactive and immersive learning experiences for the operators and the ground station staff. Emergency training methods should aim to enhance the skills, knowledge, and confidence of the human participants in the UAV system.

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Martin Tegelj

System Safety Engineer at Airbus in Australia Pacific
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The USA used to have a really good training program during the cold war in response to atomic annihilation from the Soviets. I recall it to be 'Duck and Cover'. This would also be appropriate for citizens when it comes to UASes falling out of the sky.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Sachin Ramesh, MAPM

Director & CEO at Volador Energy and Volador FlyTech | Aerospace & Energy Storage Specialist | Business Strategist | Entrepreneur
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Navigating UAVs during emergencies demands precision. Our go-to? A failsafe GPS system. Redundancy is our armor; multiple GPS units ensure a reliable backup. Real-time communication with ground control is key. Emergency protocols are not just plans. Our UAVs are programmed for autonomous safe landings in crises. Constant monitoring and swift responses — our mantra. Practicing emergency scenarios sharpens our reflexes. Investing in top-tier sensors for obstacle detection is non-negotiable. Staying agile is more than a strategy. We embrace advancements in AI/ML for real-time decision-making. Adaptive control algorithms are the backbone of our emergency responsiveness. Sharing insights within the UAV community is our responsibility.

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Martin Tegelj

System Safety Engineer at Airbus in Australia Pacific
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Consider this. How is answering these content engagement prompts being used? Is it simply going to be used to generate 'engagement'? Build you links? Or will you be training a LLM for LinkedIn and giving it your IP for free? Something that Linkedin WILL eventually charge you for. Enshitification is here and LinkedIn is speed running. But guess what? I'm in the 47% of quality contributors to Aerospace Engineering. doing god's work here.

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What are the best practices for UAV navigation and control during emergencies?

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2

3

4

5

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1 Fault detection

2 Fault isolation

3 Fault recovery

4 Emergency communication

5 Emergency simulation

6 Emergency training

7 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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What are the best practices for UAV navigation and control during emergencies?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Fault detection

2 Fault isolation

3 Fault recovery

4 Emergency communication

5 Emergency simulation

6 Emergency training

7 Here’s what else to consider

Aerospace Engineering

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