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What are the best practices for simplifying complex software systems?

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Software systems can become complex over time, as they grow in size, scope, and functionality. Complex software systems can be hard to understand, maintain, debug, and evolve. Therefore, software engineers need to apply some best practices to simplify their software systems and make them more manageable and reliable. In this article, we will discuss some of these best practices and how they can help you reduce complexity and improve quality in your software projects.

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Minor Madrigal Arroyo

Software Engineering Manager en Snap Finance
Roger N.

Fractional CTO: advisory, interim and due diligence.
Ulas Can Cengiz

Helping Companies Scale Internationally | Business, Management & Technology Consultant | Founder & CTO | Building &…

1 Use abstraction

Abstraction is the process of hiding the details of how something works and exposing only the essential features and behaviors. Abstraction helps you simplify software systems by reducing the amount of information you need to deal with at any given level of design or implementation. For example, you can use abstraction to create modules, classes, interfaces, or functions that encapsulate the logic and data of a specific component or functionality. By using abstraction, you can focus on the high-level goals and interactions of your system, without worrying about the low-level details of each part.

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Ulas Can Cengiz

Helping Companies Scale Internationally | Business, Management & Technology Consultant | Founder & CTO | Building & Managing High-Performance Teams | Entrepreneur
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You can practically have infinite number of abstraction layers. It's not only about using abstraction all the time, but more about using the right amount of it. Think like you don't have information about all the details on the project you're building. What would you do? You would cover "most" of the possible cases by adding some layers of abstraction over them. Even if you have all the necessary information, try to think like you don't. It helps.

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2 Apply modularity

Modularity is the principle of dividing a software system into smaller, independent, and cohesive units that can be composed and reused. Modularity helps you simplify software systems by increasing the separation of concerns, reducing the coupling, and enhancing the testability and maintainability of your code. For example, you can apply modularity to organize your code into files, packages, libraries, or frameworks that have clear boundaries and responsibilities. By applying modularity, you can reduce the complexity and dependencies of your system, and make it easier to change and extend.

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Ulas Can Cengiz

Helping Companies Scale Internationally | Business, Management & Technology Consultant | Founder & CTO | Building & Managing High-Performance Teams | Entrepreneur
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The key here is reusability. If you build modules that are reusable, chances are you won't be having to build them all over again for different projects. Organization on the "current project" is so important that it practically determines how much time you will spend on a good portion of "next projects".

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Mahilet Tesfaye

?? ??????? ?? Metro State University
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I agree, Modularity helps to tackle complex problems by reducing it to sub-components. What I like the most about this method is not only when you write new code but when you change / extend part of the codes it makes it easy. That is because this method reduces dependencies and complexities.

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Minor Madrigal Arroyo

Software Engineering Manager en Snap Finance
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Single responsability principle, from my experiencie, is one of key features for applying modularity. Modularity without single responsability may cause "mini monolith"

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3 Follow conventions

Conventions are the agreed-upon rules and standards that guide the style, structure, and naming of your code and documentation. Conventions help you simplify software systems by increasing the readability, consistency, and clarity of your code and documentation. For example, you can follow conventions to format your code, comment your code, name your variables, functions, classes, or files, document your design decisions, or use common patterns and idioms. By following conventions, you can avoid confusion and ambiguity, and make your code and documentation more understandable and accessible.

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Minor Madrigal Arroyo

Software Engineering Manager en Snap Finance
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Conventions are highly important specially in microservices architectures and teams spread all over the world. Well organized and well formatted code makes the thing easier for maintaintenability and expand the features of a system

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4 Refactor regularly

Refactoring is the process of improving the internal quality of your code without changing its external behavior. Refactoring helps you simplify software systems by eliminating code smells, reducing duplication, simplifying logic, improving design, or enhancing performance. For example, you can refactor your code to extract methods, introduce variables, rename identifiers, replace conditionals with polymorphism, or apply design patterns. By refactoring regularly, you can prevent your code from becoming messy, outdated, or inefficient, and keep it clean, simple, and elegant.

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5 Automate processes

Automation is the use of tools and scripts to perform repetitive or tedious tasks that are part of your software development process. Automation helps you simplify software systems by saving time, effort, and resources, reducing human errors, and increasing reliability and quality. For example, you can automate processes such as compiling, testing, deploying, or monitoring your code, using tools such as compilers, testers, build systems, or continuous integration and delivery platforms. By automating processes, you can streamline your workflow, speed up your delivery, and ensure your code meets your standards and expectations.

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Roger N.

Fractional CTO: advisory, interim and due diligence.
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Automation is important but in this context doesn’t address the core problem of a complex system - automation is a tool here not a solution

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6 Seek feedback

Feedback is the information and opinions you receive from others about your software system, such as your users, clients, peers, or mentors. Feedback helps you simplify software systems by providing you with valuable insights, suggestions, and critiques that can help you improve your system or solve your problems. For example, you can seek feedback to validate your requirements, design, or functionality, to identify bugs, errors, or flaws, or to learn new skills, techniques, or perspectives. By seeking feedback, you can avoid assumptions, biases, or blind spots, and make your system more user-friendly, robust, and effective.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Roger N.

Fractional CTO: advisory, interim and due diligence.
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Question all the requirements. Can the problem be solved in a simpler way? Are the requirements for a reimplementation of an existing solution not the system that’s needed?

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What are the best practices for simplifying complex software systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Use abstraction

2 Apply modularity

3 Follow conventions

4 Refactor regularly

5 Automate processes

6 Seek feedback

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Science

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What are the best practices for simplifying complex software systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Use abstraction

2 Apply modularity

3 Follow conventions

4 Refactor regularly

5 Automate processes

6 Seek feedback

7 Here’s what else to consider

Computer Science

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