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What are the best practices for ensuring masonry structures resist water damage?

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Masonry structures, such as brick, stone, or concrete, can add beauty and durability to any building. However, they can also be vulnerable to water damage, which can compromise their structural integrity and aesthetic appeal. Water damage can occur due to various factors, such as poor design, construction, maintenance, or environmental conditions. Therefore, it is essential to follow some best practices to ensure masonry structures resist water damage and last longer.

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Hagop A. Kasparian

R&D at HI Surfaces

1 Choose the right materials

The first step to prevent water damage is to choose the right materials for your masonry structure. Different types of masonry materials have different properties, such as porosity, permeability, strength, and resistance to freeze-thaw cycles. You should select the materials that suit your design, budget, and climate. For example, if you live in a wet or cold area, you should avoid using porous or absorbent materials, such as sandstone or limestone, that can retain moisture and crack under frost action. Instead, you should opt for more dense and durable materials, such as granite or slate, that can resist water penetration and withstand temperature changes.

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Hagop A. Kasparian

R&D at HI Surfaces
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Whatever material used there is good chance of failure by time. If outdoor exposure, protective materials go hand in hand with esthetics. Some can be more durable than others. Even concrete that resists water, but whatever you do it cracks, then water causes reinforcing iron to rust, further damaging masonry. There is relatively new UHPC concrete that are quite dense however water can seep through joints in between panels and damage the substrate, the same applies granite or slate. Hence importance of design. There are many materials to improve water resistance of masonry however not full proof. A good design takes into account water exposure. You can minimize but can not eliminate water damage.

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2 Design for drainage

The second step to prevent water damage is to design your masonry structure for proper drainage. Drainage is the process of removing excess water from your structure, either by gravity or by mechanical means. You should ensure that your masonry structure has adequate slope, flashing, weep holes, vents, and gutters to allow water to flow away from the surface and the interior. You should also avoid creating any areas where water can pool or stagnate, such as flat roofs, sills, ledges, or joints. These areas can cause water infiltration, corrosion, mold growth, and staining.

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Hagop A. Kasparian

R&D at HI Surfaces
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Drainage is very important, smooth surfaces reduce water puddles, also even if different techniques are done its important that the surface be made hydrophobic, there are various materials to do that, another importance is to make the surfaces to resist mold growth as these cause water retention hence damage by time

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3 Apply protective coatings

The third step to prevent water damage is to apply protective coatings to your masonry structure. Protective coatings are substances that can enhance the performance and appearance of your masonry materials by providing a barrier against water and other elements. There are various types of protective coatings available, such as sealers, paints, stains, or impregnators. You should choose the coating that matches your material, color, and finish preferences. You should also follow the manufacturer's instructions for proper application and maintenance of the coating. Some coatings may require periodic reapplication or cleaning to maintain their effectiveness.

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Hagop A. Kasparian

R&D at HI Surfaces
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Coatings or surface treatments are quite tricky that some themselves cause damage by time. If industrial surfaces you can apply active protective coating that protects concrete reinforcing bars from corroding. In other applications coatings go hand in hand with decorative effects, however some substrates like exposed aggregate concrete or acid etched are challenging to use a coating for various reasons as 'structured' surface contributes to coating failure or the coating can reduce the desired decorative effect of having exposed aggregate. Whatever coating used it is preferable to be permeable, to allow moisture escape through it.

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4 Inspect and repair

The fourth step to prevent water damage is to inspect and repair your masonry structure regularly. Inspection is the process of checking your structure for any signs of deterioration, damage, or defects. You should inspect your structure at least once a year, or more often if you notice any problems. You should look for any cracks, spalls, efflorescence, discoloration, or leaks that indicate water damage. Repair is the process of fixing or restoring your structure to its original condition. You should repair any damage as soon as possible, using the appropriate materials and methods. You should also consult a professional structural engineer if the damage is extensive or affects the stability of your structure.

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5 Control indoor humidity

The fifth step to prevent water damage is to control indoor humidity in your building. Indoor humidity is the amount of moisture in the air inside your building. High indoor humidity can cause condensation, which is the formation of water droplets on your masonry surfaces. Condensation can damage your masonry materials by causing corrosion, mold growth, staining, and peeling of coatings. You should control indoor humidity by using ventilation, dehumidifiers, or air conditioners to maintain a comfortable and healthy level of moisture in the air. You should also avoid activities that generate excess moisture, such as cooking, showering, or drying clothes indoors.

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Hagop A. Kasparian

R&D at HI Surfaces
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Some solutions can be to have breathable absorptive surfaces, that can improve indoor atmosphere, some in fact old coating systems act as Carbon dioxide absorbers and anti bacterial

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6 Educate and inform

The sixth step to prevent water damage is to educate and inform yourself and others about the causes and effects of water damage on masonry structures. Education is the process of learning and acquiring knowledge and skills about a topic. Information is the process of communicating and sharing knowledge and skills with others. You should educate and inform yourself and others by reading books, articles, or blogs, attending workshops or seminars, or joining online forums or groups related to masonry structures and water damage. You should also seek advice from experts or professionals in the field of structural engineering or masonry construction. By educating and informing yourself and others, you can increase your awareness and understanding of the best practices for ensuring masonry structures resist water damage.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the best practices for ensuring masonry structures resist water damage?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Choose the right materials

2 Design for drainage

3 Apply protective coatings

4 Inspect and repair

5 Control indoor humidity

6 Educate and inform

7 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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What are the best practices for ensuring masonry structures resist water damage?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Choose the right materials

2 Design for drainage

3 Apply protective coatings

4 Inspect and repair

5 Control indoor humidity

6 Educate and inform

7 Here’s what else to consider

Structural Engineering

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