What are the best practices for 3D printing models?

1 Design for 3D printing

The first step to 3D print a model is to design it in a software that allows you to create 3D shapes and export them in a compatible format. There are many options available, from free and open-source tools like Blender and Tinkercad, to professional and paid ones like Maya and ZBrush. Whatever software you choose, you should keep in mind some design principles for 3D printing, such as avoiding overhangs, thin walls, and complex details that might not print well or cause errors.

2 Choose the right format

The most common format for 3D printing models is STL, which stands for stereolithography. This format represents the model as a series of triangles that form the surface of the object. However, STL files can sometimes have issues, such as holes, gaps, or inverted normals, that can affect the printing process. Therefore, it is advisable to check and repair your STL files before printing, using tools like Meshmixer or Netfabb. Alternatively, you can use other formats, such as OBJ or 3MF, that can store more information about the model, such as color, texture, or material.

3 Orient your model

The orientation of your model on the printing bed can have a significant impact on the quality and speed of the printing process. Depending on the shape and size of your model, you might want to rotate it to reduce the amount of support material needed, to improve the strength and durability of the printed object, or to enhance the appearance and detail of the surface. You can use your slicing software, such as Cura or Slic3r, to preview and adjust the orientation of your model before printing.

4 Add support structures

Support structures are additional material that is printed along with your model to support parts that would otherwise collapse or sag due to gravity. For example, if you want to print a model of a bridge, you will need support structures to hold the arches and pillars in place. However, support structures also have some drawbacks, such as increasing the printing time and cost, and leaving marks or scars on the surface of the model. Therefore, you should use them only when necessary, and try to minimize them by optimizing your design and orientation.

5 Adjust the resolution

The resolution of your 3D printing model refers to the level of detail and smoothness that it can achieve. It is determined by the layer height and the nozzle diameter of your 3D printer. The lower the layer height and the nozzle diameter, the higher the resolution and the finer the details. However, higher resolution also means longer printing time and more material consumption. Therefore, you should balance the resolution with the size and purpose of your model, and choose a value that suits your needs and expectations.

6 Post-process your model

After your model is 3D printed, you might want to do some post-processing to improve its appearance and functionality. Post-processing can include removing the support structures, sanding and smoothing the surface, painting and coloring the model, applying a protective coating or a finishing technique, or assembling multiple parts together. Post-processing can enhance the aesthetic and mechanical qualities of your 3D printing model, as well as personalize it to your liking. However, it can also be time-consuming and require additional tools and materials, so you should plan ahead and follow the instructions carefully.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?