Last updated on
2024年6月8日
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Ethernet/IP as a protocol for industrial automation?
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One of the main advantages of Ethernet/IP is that it uses the same physical and data link layers as the standard Ethernet, which means that it can leverage the existing infrastructure, hardware, and software of the network. This reduces the cost and complexity of installation and maintenance, and allows for interoperability and integration with other systems and devices. Another advantage of Ethernet/IP is that it supports a variety of communication modes, such as explicit messaging, implicit messaging, and multicast messaging, which can suit different application needs and performance requirements. Ethernet/IP also offers flexibility and scalability, as it can support up to 65,535 nodes on a network, and can handle both low-level and high-level data.
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I would disagree here a bit, reliability and compatibility challenges are cons not pro for IP based communication. Also initial cost might be higher relatively to other solutions. However it is scalable solution.
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Angadh Lambert
Business Strategist, Industrial Network Specialist @ Indu-Sol | Industrial Automation
Most of the fieldbus technologies are moving away to the industrial network based technology like Ethernet I/P or PROFINET. The clear advantage is high speed communication ( 10, 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps). Interoperability allows end users better visualisation to the production data and easy data acquisition. Further with EIP different network design' are possible ( Star, ring, tree, line ). Additionally the EIP has a wider acceptance within the automation community supported by ODVA group. Commissioning is also much easier compared to field bus technologies. Considering whole these benefits the cyber threats , initial costs is not a hurdle. The market demand requires Industrial network based communication in the manufacturing.
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Ethernet/IP, in my virtual journey through industrial landscapes, is like the master key that seamlessly fits into the existing infrastructure—much like a well-traveled friend adapting effortlessly to different environments. Picture it as the multilingual communicator at a global tech summit. By speaking the same language as standard Ethernet, it not only ensures easy integration but also handles diverse communication styles. It's the polyglot of networking—explicit messaging for precision, implicit messaging for subtlety, and multicast messaging for group dynamics.
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Ethernet/IP strengths lie in leveraging standard Ethernet technologies, ensuring broad compatibility and ease of integration. Using a common industrial protocol (CIP) enhances interoperability across various devices, fostering a unified communication framework. Its high-speed data transfer capabilities enable efficient real-time control and monitoring.. Ethernet/IP drawbacks rely on TCP/IP layers, which can consume significant processing bandwidth, potentially impacting system performance. The lack of a standardized information model can pose challenges in complex automation scenarios. Lastly, while Ethernet/IP excels in discrete control, its application in process control might be overkill, leading to unnecessary complexity and cost.
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Advantages of Ethernet/IP: 1. High-speed data transmission. 2. Scalability and flexibility for network expansion. 3. Compatibility with standard Ethernet infrastructure. 4. Seamless integration with IT systems. 5. Support for real-time control and monitoring.
Despite its benefits, Ethernet/IP also has some drawbacks that you should be aware of. One of the main disadvantages of Ethernet/IP is that it is not a deterministic protocol, which means that it does not guarantee the delivery time or order of the messages. This can affect the reliability and accuracy of the data, especially for time-sensitive or critical applications. Ethernet/IP also relies on the TCP/IP protocol stack, which adds some overhead and latency to the communication, and can make it vulnerable to network congestion, errors, and security threats. Additionally, Ethernet/IP can be challenging to configure and troubleshoot, as it requires a deep understanding of the CIP objects and services, and the network topology and settings.
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The lack of determinism in Ethernet/IP can impact the TCP/IP protocol stack by introducing unpredictability in message delivery times and order. This can lead to varying latencies and potential delays in transmitting and receiving data over the network. In the context of deterministic communication, UDP might be considered beneficial for time-sensitive applications that prioritize speed and lower latency over guaranteed delivery and order. Since UDP doesn't have the same built-in mechanisms for flow control and error recovery as TCP, it can be faster in transmitting data.
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Pensaba que cuando se referían a Ethernet IP lo hacían respecto al protocolo de Internet (IP), sin embargo al finalizar el punto 3 mencionan al CIP, lo que me da a entender que se refieren a los protocolos desarrollados por la ODVA, de ser ese el caso, hay un error tremendo al afirmar que Ethernet IP (Industrial Protocol) no es determinista. Ya que es todo lo contrario, Profinet, Ethercat y Ethernet IP son los únicos (si no mal recuerdo) que tienen esa característica, pues Modbus carece de dicha funcionalidad.
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Ethernet/IP is inherently multi-cast which means that once it hits an unmanaged ethernet switch it will turn into broadcast traffic on the network. This is not a problem on small networks although once they expand, it can cause buffer issues and even crash other PLCs on the network. The way to solve this is by always using managed switches with IGMP snooping enabled when using EIP.
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Disadvantages: 1. Vulnerability to network congestion or interruptions. 2. Complexity in configuration and troubleshooting. 3. Potential security risks if not properly configured. 4. Higher initial implementation costs compared to traditional fieldbuses.
If Ethernet/IP does not meet your automation needs or expectations, you may want to explore some alternatives that offer different features and capabilities. PROFINET is a protocol that uses the same physical layer as Ethernet, but a different data link layer that provides real-time and deterministic performance, as well as wireless communication, safety functions, and diagnostics. EtherCAT is another protocol that uses a master-slave architecture and a ring topology to achieve high-speed and synchronized communication, while also supporting distributed clocks, hot swapping, and redundancy. Lastly, Modbus TCP is a protocol that uses a simple and universal format to exchange data between devices, and also supports multiple data types, error detection, and remote access.
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Time sensitive networking (TSN) could potentially be the answer but it depends on what PLCs (or devices) you are using because if what you are connecting to the network only supports traditional industrial protocols then you have to go with EIP, Profinet etc.
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Profinet probably best fit for here because it is also uses IP address but you can also transfer/transmit safety bits as well over Profisafe communication. So if you’re working with safety PLC will be really nice alternative Profinet/Profisafe protocol.
When selecting a protocol for automation scenarios and applications, there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Various factors should be taken into account, such as the type and number of devices on the network, the data volume and frequency of communication, performance and reliability requirements, network infrastructure and availability, budget and resources, and compatibility and interoperability with other systems and devices. To make the best decision for your automation project, it is important to define your goals and specifications, compare the advantages and disadvantages of each protocol, consider future needs for scalability, as well as available support and maintenance options.
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One thing to keep in mind is the manufacturers you are using and the devices you are communicating with. Some manufacturers don’t support some protocols. Some products like motion control it is ideal to have a deterministic communication to ensure your packets make it to the device.
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hard choice but... Imagine it as building a playlist. The type and number of devices are your instruments, data volume is the rhythm, and performance requirements are the genre. It's about crafting a symphony that aligns with your goals and resources. For instance, if your industrial orchestra is vast and diverse, Ethernet/IP might be your conductor. However, if simplicity is your tune, MQTT could be your melody.
If you decide to use Ethernet/IP as your protocol for industrial automation, you should follow some best practices to ensure optimal performance and security. To start, you should use a dedicated network or a VLAN for your automation devices, isolating them from other traffic and devices. Additionally, it is important to use switches and routers that support Quality of Service (QoS) and prioritize the automation traffic. You should also use appropriate network topologies and configurations, such as star, tree, or linear, while avoiding loops and bottlenecks. Furthermore, proper cabling and connectors should be used in accordance with the standards and recommendations for cable length, type, and termination. Moreover, devices that support the latest versions of Ethernet/IP and CIP should be utilized and updated regularly. Lastly, tools and software that can monitor, analyze, and troubleshoot the network and the devices should be used in addition to encryption, authentication, and firewall to protect the network and the devices from unauthorized access and attacks.
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Ethernet/IP can power your automation, but follow these pro tips for a smooth ride! Dedicated Network: Imagine a highway just for your machines (no bicycles!). This isolates them for optimal performance. Smart Switches: Think of these as traffic cops. They prioritize automation data (important messages!) over other stuff. Network Design: Think clear roads (star/tree topology) with no confusing intersections (loops). Right Cables: It's like using the best highway materials. Proper cabling ensures reliable data Security First: Firewalls, encryption, and monitoring tools are your security guards, keeping unwanted visitors out.
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Con las ventajas de Ethernet llegan también las desventajas, toda red está expuesta actualmente a los ataques cibernéticos, por lo que se requiere establecer las barreras necesarias, software adecuado, capacitación, implementar routers con firewall en el rack del sistema de control que permita filtrar las conexiones. Sin embargo son las las ventajas: aumento de la cantidad de dispositivos en la red, aumento de la velocidad de datos (aplicaciones real time) y capacidad de realizar soporte remoto mediante VPNs. Con el desarrollo de la industria 4.0 la tendencia es aumentar las redes Ethernet y dejar atrás las comunicaciones seriales RS485/232.
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