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How does wireless network congestion affect the performance and security of IoT devices?

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Wireless network congestion is a common problem that can affect the performance and security of IoT devices. IoT devices are devices that can connect to the internet and communicate with other devices, such as smart home appliances, wearables, sensors, and cameras. In this article, you will learn how wireless network congestion happens, how it impacts IoT devices, and how you can prevent or mitigate it.

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1 What is wireless network congestion?

Wireless network congestion occurs when there are too many devices or applications using the same wireless channel or frequency band, resulting in interference, delays, and packet loss. Wireless channels are limited resources that have to be shared among different users and devices. When the demand exceeds the capacity, wireless network congestion happens. For example, if you have multiple devices using Wi-Fi on the same channel, or if your neighbor's Wi-Fi network interferes with yours, you may experience wireless network congestion.

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Patrick Wylie

Owner & Founder of GreenHat Solutions (GHS)| Cybersecurity enthusiast | Try Hack Me Top 5% | Retired Green Beret
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This congestion is largely due to wireless routers (prior to WiFi6) are only capable of talking to one device at time. The previous versions of WiFi (1, 2, 3, 4, & 5) worked much like roads (WiFi 1 is like a dirt trail, whereas WiFi 5 is more like a wide paved road). Although the amount of data supported increased, wireless routers were still only capable of supporting one device at a time. With the introduction of WiFi 6, the wide paved road now has lanes and the wireless router can support multiple devices at the same time; this capability is advertised as MU-MIMO (Multi User, Multi Input, Multi Output). Only thing left to address now is legacy devices not supporting WiFi 6 standard. Hope this helps!

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Ramaswamy Bhadravathi

Wireless Connectivity Performance Engineer @Apple | Bluetooth | 802.11| Automation | Python | C# | Functional | Performance | Wlan Coex
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The?situation?where?there?is?a?high?number?of?clients?vying?for?a?restricted?limited range?of frequency spectrum, primarily?observed?in?the?2.4GHz?ISM band. As?most?of?us?are?aware, the?2.4GHz frequency band?is?already?heavily?congested?with numerous?Internet?of?Things?(IOT)?devices such as Bluetooth/BLE, Zigbee and Threads etc. resulting?in?frequent?retransmissions?and?failures?in?Carrier?Sense?Multiple?Access Collision?Avoidance?(CSMA/CA) algorithm primarily used in half duplex wireless communication to content medium.

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Jose Martinez

Platform Trust and Safety/Script Kiddie
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Congestion can be several different things. Mainly, in my experience it has more to do of what's demanded and what's available. Sometimes the demand is way more than the available amount. This is where congestions tend to happen. The term most commonly used for this phenomenon is bottlenecking.

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2 How does wireless network congestion affect IoT device performance?

Wireless network congestion can affect IoT device performance in several ways. First, it can reduce the speed and reliability of data transmission, causing latency, jitter, and errors. This can affect the responsiveness and functionality of IoT devices, especially those that require real-time or high-quality data, such as video streaming, voice control, or gaming. Second, it can increase the power consumption and battery drain of IoT devices, as they have to retransmit data or switch channels more frequently. This can shorten the lifespan and availability of IoT devices, especially those that are battery-powered or have limited energy sources, such as sensors or wearables.

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Jose Martinez

Platform Trust and Safety/Script Kiddie
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IoT depends on a central depository for its information. A smart sprinkler must advocate for the lawn when there is not enough moisture, however the sensors only carry information to an online source that makes the decision of whether it has the justified information to turn on the water. If congestion gets in the way we risk the data becoming outdated or never getting to the location for the IoT to have the full effect on the lawn. Congestion is the enemy to efficiency.

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3 How does wireless network congestion affect IoT device security?

Wireless network congestion can also affect IoT device security in several ways. First, it can make IoT devices more vulnerable to cyberattacks, as they may have less time and resources to encrypt, authenticate, or verify data. This can expose IoT devices to eavesdropping, spoofing, tampering, or hijacking by malicious actors. Second, it can make IoT devices more prone to malfunction, as they may receive corrupted, incomplete, or outdated data. This can compromise the safety and integrity of IoT devices, especially those that control critical or sensitive systems, such as medical devices, industrial equipment, or smart locks.

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Jose Martinez

Platform Trust and Safety/Script Kiddie
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As with the smart sprinkler, data is on a time crunch, imagine your smart lock can't notify you that your door is unlocked or worse, your network has been snooped. Time is crucial during these times and yes, even though there are manual fixes to these - like getting up and manually checking, it defeats the entire purpose of IoT.

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4 How can you prevent wireless network congestion?

One way to prevent wireless network congestion is to reduce the number of devices or applications that use the same wireless channel or frequency band. You can do this by turning off or disconnecting devices or applications that are not in use, or by using wired connections instead of wireless ones when possible. You can also use network management tools or settings to prioritize or limit the bandwidth usage of certain devices or applications, or to schedule or stagger data transmission to avoid peak hours.

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Jose Martinez

Platform Trust and Safety/Script Kiddie
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I've also had segmented devices with static IPs, this can help congestion and I will often make sure that I know ALL devices present on the network, if there are some that I do not wish to use, I remove them and free up space for my devices to communicate with the network.

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5 How can you mitigate wireless network congestion?

Another way to mitigate wireless network congestion is to improve the quality and efficiency of wireless communication. You can do this by choosing the optimal wireless channel or frequency band for your devices or applications, or by using multiple channels or bands to distribute the load. You can also use wireless technologies or standards that support higher data rates, lower interference, or better security, such as Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5, or Zigbee. You can also use wireless network extenders or repeaters to boost the signal strength and coverage of your wireless network.

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Jose Martinez

Platform Trust and Safety/Script Kiddie
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A word of warning however, always make sure your ISP is not suffering an outage. If you have bad internet and you get a WiFi booster you'll only be boosting a bad connection. GiGO (Garbage In Garbage Out)

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6 How can you monitor wireless network congestion?

Finally, you can monitor wireless network congestion by using wireless network analyzers or scanners to measure and visualize the wireless network performance and activity. You can use these tools to identify and diagnose the sources and effects of wireless network congestion, such as channel utilization, interference, signal quality, data rate, latency, packet loss, or security issues. You can also use these tools to optimize and troubleshoot your wireless network configuration and settings, such as channel selection, bandwidth allocation, or encryption mode.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How does wireless network congestion affect the performance and security of IoT devices?

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1 What is wireless network congestion?

2 How does wireless network congestion affect IoT device performance?

3 How does wireless network congestion affect IoT device security?

4 How can you prevent wireless network congestion?

5 How can you mitigate wireless network congestion?

6 How can you monitor wireless network congestion?

7 Here’s what else to consider

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