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How do you use P&ID diagrams to plan and optimize FEED projects?

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P&ID diagrams are essential tools for planning and optimizing FEED projects. They show the layout and connections of equipment, piping, valves, instruments, and other components in a process plant. They also provide information on the process design, control logic, safety systems, and operating conditions. In this article, you will learn how to use P&ID diagrams to plan and optimize FEED projects in six steps.

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Steve Jones

Corrosion Management Consultant
David Mottram

Senior Instrument Engineer

1 Understand the project scope and objectives

The first step is to understand the project scope and objectives, such as the capacity, quality, schedule, budget, and performance requirements. This will help you to define the process parameters, design criteria, and specifications for the FEED project. You will also need to identify the key stakeholders, such as the client, operator, contractor, and regulator, and their expectations and responsibilities.

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2 Review the process flow diagram (PFD)

The second step is to review the process flow diagram (PFD), which is a simplified representation of the process steps, major equipment, and material streams. The PFD provides the basis for the P&ID diagram, as it shows the main functions and interactions of the process. You will need to verify the accuracy and completeness of the PFD, and check for any inconsistencies, errors, or gaps in the data.

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Steve Jones

Corrosion Management Consultant
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For an oil & gas project, the corresponding materials selection diagram will indicate the piping classes to assign to each line. What's that you say, you can't wait for a materials selection diagram so you took your best guess?

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3 Develop the P&ID diagram

The third step is to develop the P&ID diagram, which is a detailed and comprehensive representation of the process plant. You will need to use the PFD as a reference, and follow the relevant standards, codes, and best practices for P&ID symbols, nomenclature, and layout. You will also need to consider the operability, maintainability, safety, and reliability of the plant, and incorporate the necessary features and elements, such as valves, instruments, alarms, interlocks, and bypasses.

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David Mottram

Senior Instrument Engineer
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The P&ID is used by Instrument Engineers to develop the measurement and control requirements for all parts of the process plant under design. It provides the basis of the instrument list and a large part of the input and output signal count. The design would also use the relevant specifications and standards to enable to select the relevant technology for the process measurements.

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4 Validate and optimize the P&ID diagram

The fourth step is to validate and optimize the P&ID diagram, which is a critical and iterative process that involves checking, testing, and improving the design. You will need to use various methods and tools, such as simulations, calculations, reviews, audits, and feedback, to ensure that the P&ID diagram meets the project scope and objectives, and complies with the regulatory and technical requirements. You will also need to identify and resolve any issues, conflicts, or risks that may affect the plant performance, safety, or efficiency.

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5 Communicate and coordinate with other disciplines

The fifth step is to communicate and coordinate with other disciplines, such as mechanical, electrical, civil, structural, and instrumentation, that are involved in the FEED project. You will need to share and exchange the P&ID diagram and other relevant information with them, and ensure that they are aligned and integrated with the process design. You will also need to collaborate and consult with them on any changes, modifications, or clarifications that may arise during the FEED project.

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Steve Jones

Corrosion Management Consultant
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Don’t forget the friendly, and ever helpful, materials & corrosion engineer. What’s that you say: you don’t need one because you think that they are superfluous, and would only hold the job up anyway with their silly thoughts of materials?

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David Mottram

Senior Instrument Engineer
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The inter-discipline connections for Instrumentation are primarily Process - plus Piping, Mechanical Packages and Equipment and to a lesser extent Electrical.

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6 Document and update the P&ID diagram

The sixth step is to document and update the P&ID diagram, which is a vital and ongoing task that ensures the quality and consistency of the design. You will need to record and maintain the P&ID diagram and other related documents, such as datasheets, specifications, calculations, and drawings, in a structured and accessible format. You will also need to update and revise the P&ID diagram and other documents as the FEED project progresses and changes occur.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Mark Imper

Construction Engineer at Wood
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P&IDs form the basis for HAZOP & LOPAs which help further define risk and safety requirements which can lead to further instrumentation and controls for minimizing risk, leading to additional project cost to be considered in FEED.

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How do you use P&ID diagrams to plan and optimize FEED projects?

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1 Understand the project scope and objectives

2 Review the process flow diagram (PFD)

3 Develop the P&ID diagram

4 Validate and optimize the P&ID diagram

5 Communicate and coordinate with other disciplines

6 Document and update the P&ID diagram

7 Here’s what else to consider

Front End Engineering Design (FEED)

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