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How do you use incident response frameworks and tools to streamline your triage process?

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Incident response is a critical skill for any cybersecurity professional who needs to deal with security breaches, malware infections, or other cyber threats. However, not every incident is equally urgent or important, and you need to prioritize and triage them effectively to avoid wasting time and resources. In this article, you will learn how to use incident response frameworks and tools to streamline your triage process and respond faster and smarter to cyber incidents.

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1 What is incident triage and why is it important?

Incident triage is the process of identifying, categorizing, and prioritizing incidents based on their severity, impact, and urgency. It helps you to determine which incidents need immediate attention, which ones can be handled later, and which ones can be ignored or closed. Incident triage is important because it helps you to allocate your resources efficiently, reduce the risk of escalation or damage, and improve your incident response performance and metrics.

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Arun Singh

ITIL 4 Master| UBS certified Engineer GOLD |Devops and PeopleCert Ambassador | PMP| PMI-Agile Certified Practitioner |PRINCE2 Agile Practitioner| Azure| AWS|SRE|IIML| ITIL V3 Expert| LinkedIn Top Leadership Voice
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Incident triage allows Incident response teams to investigate the scope and scale of events. Incident triage is key to effective and efficient investigations process. Triage protects team/organization from wasting limited resources in the wrong pursuit. Triaging incidents can make the difference between a minor setback and a major problem.

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Kemal Piskin

Chief Information Security Officer @ Aerospace Corporation | CCISO, CISSP, CRISC, Security+, ITIL
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Preparation is a key part of ensuring you conduct IR triage successfully. As you consider triage as part of the overall IR plan, also consider various scenarios and develop tailored responses for them. Knowing the who, what, when is critical to identifying and prioritizing actions that will lead to recovery as quickly as possible.

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2 What are incident response frameworks and how do they help with triage?

Incident response frameworks are standardized methodologies or best practices that guide you through the steps of responding to cyber incidents. They provide you with a structured and consistent approach to handle different types of incidents, from detection and analysis to containment and recovery. Incident response frameworks can help you with triage by defining the criteria and processes for assessing the severity and impact of incidents, assigning roles and responsibilities, and communicating and documenting the actions and outcomes.

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Kemal Piskin

Chief Information Security Officer @ Aerospace Corporation | CCISO, CISSP, CRISC, Security+, ITIL
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I have used NIST SP800-61r2 (https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-61/rev-2/final) and feel it’s a great starting place to write an IR plan. It gives you a foundation that can then be tailored and expanded upon to meet each organization’s needs. Testing the plan, also validates that your processes work as intended.

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3 What are some examples of incident response frameworks?

There are numerous incident response frameworks available, so you can choose the one that best fits your organization's needs and goals. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) offers a framework known as NIST SP 800-61, which covers the four phases of incident response: preparation, detection and analysis, containment, eradication, and recovery, as well as post-incident activity. The SANS Institute's SANS PICERL framework covers six phases of incident response and provides checklists, templates, and tools for each phase. Additionally, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) have developed ISO/IEC 27035 which covers five phases of incident response including plan and prepare, detect and report, assess and decide, respond, and learn and improve. All of these frameworks provide guidance on incident handling procedures, coordination and information sharing, incident reporting and metrics, roles and responsibilities, incident classification and prioritization.

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4 What are incident response tools and how do they help with triage?

Incident response tools are software applications or platforms that can automate, simplify, or enhance your incident response activities. These tools can monitor your network, systems, and applications for signs of malicious or anomalous activity and alert you when an incident occurs. They can also integrate with other data sources, such as threat intelligence feeds, logs, or tickets, to improve the incident context and analysis. Incident response tools can also help you track, manage, and document incidents, assign tasks, roles, and priorities. Furthermore, they provide templates, playbooks, or scripts that automate or guide your incident response actions. Additionally, these tools can help you collect and analyze evidence from affected systems or devices, as well as perform root cause analysis, threat hunting, or malware analysis. Finally, they offer visualization, reporting, or dashboarding capabilities to better understand and communicate your incident findings and recommendations.

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Michael Hallmen

Manager of Offensive Cybersecurity Engineering (Application/API/Mobile/LLM) at Abacus Group | Application Penetration Tester | CTF Player |
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File analysis tools: These tools are used to analyze individual files or groups of files, such as email attachments or downloaded documents, for signs of malicious activity. File carving tools like the open source software Autopsy is excellent for this. Network analysis tools: These tools are used to capture and analyze network traffic, which can provide insight into the flow of data between systems and help identify potential security issues. Wireshark is one of the bigger ones that comes to mind which allows network admins to view logs and follow streams to locate when an intrusion took place and how detrimental it is.

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5 What are some examples of incident response tools?

When it comes to incident response tools, there is a variety of options to choose from, depending on your budget, infrastructure, and requirements. Splunk Enterprise Security provides a security information and event management (SIEM) platform to detect, investigate, and respond to incidents. TheHive is a scalable, open-source, and free incident response platform with collaboration, case management, workflow, and integration capabilities. Volatility is a memory forensics framework that helps analyze memory dumps from various operating systems and platforms with plugins, modules, and scripts for forensic tasks like process listing, file extraction, registry analysis or malware detection.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you use incident response frameworks and tools to streamline your triage process?

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1 What is incident triage and why is it important?

2 What are incident response frameworks and how do they help with triage?

3 What are some examples of incident response frameworks?

4 What are incident response tools and how do they help with triage?

5 What are some examples of incident response tools?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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