How do you uncover the root of a problem?

1 Ask why

One of the simplest and most powerful tools for finding the root of a problem is to ask why. Why did the problem occur? Why does it matter? Why is it hard to solve? Asking why repeatedly can help you peel off the layers of symptoms and assumptions, and reveal the underlying factors and motivations that drive the problem. For example, if your team is missing deadlines, you can ask why until you reach the core issue, such as lack of communication, unclear expectations, or insufficient resources.

2 Use a fishbone diagram

A fishbone diagram, also known as a cause and effect diagram or Ishikawa diagram, is a visual tool that helps you organize and analyze the possible causes of a problem. It looks like a fish skeleton, with the problem statement as the head, and the main categories of causes as the bones. You can then branch out each category into more specific sub-causes, until you have a comprehensive picture of the problem. A fishbone diagram can help you identify the root causes of a problem by grouping them into logical categories, such as people, process, equipment, environment, or materials.

3 Apply the 5 whys method

The 5 whys method is a technique that combines asking why with a fishbone diagram. It involves asking why five times for each cause of a problem, and recording the answers in a fishbone diagram. The idea is that by asking why five times, you can drill down to the root cause of a problem, and avoid jumping to conclusions or superficial solutions. For example, if your customers are unhappy with your product, you can ask why five times for each aspect of the product, such as quality, design, functionality, or price, and find out the root causes of dissatisfaction.

4 Use a mind map

A mind map is a graphical tool that helps you brainstorm and organize ideas around a central topic. It can also help you uncover the root of a problem by mapping out the problem statement, the goals, the obstacles, the solutions, and the actions. A mind map can help you explore different perspectives and connections, and generate creative solutions. You can use a mind map to visualize the problem, clarify your thinking, and communicate your findings.

6 Ask others

Sometimes, the best way to uncover the root of a problem is to ask others for their input and insights. Others may have different perspectives, experiences, or knowledge that can help you see the problem in a new light, or point out the gaps or flaws in your analysis. You can ask others for their opinions, suggestions, or feedback, and listen with an open mind and curiosity. You can also use tools such as brainstorming, focus groups, or Delphi method to generate and collect ideas from a group of people, and synthesize them into a coherent solution.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?