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How do you troubleshoot a CAN network?

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CAN networks are widely used in automotive manufacturing to connect various electronic devices and sensors. They enable fast and reliable data transmission and reduce wiring complexity and cost. However, CAN networks can also encounter problems such as noise, interference, errors, or faults. How do you troubleshoot a CAN network and identify the source of the issue? Here are some steps you can follow.

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Anjo Mathew

Data Engineering | Business Strategy | CAN Bus | Vehicle Data Loggers
Srini Gowda

VP-Autonomous Vehicles | Emerging Tech
Birkan Atlamaz, MSc, PhD(c)

Chief E/E Officer | E/E, SW, HW | vCISO Vehicle Cybersecurity @ ANADOLU ISUZU | Innovative Startup Mentor | Blogger

1 Check the physical layer

The first step is to check the physical layer of the CAN network, which consists of the wires, connectors, terminators, and devices. You can use a multimeter to measure the voltage levels, resistance, and continuity of the wires and connectors. You can also use an oscilloscope to inspect the waveform and quality of the CAN signals. Look for any signs of damage, corrosion, loose connections, or short circuits that could affect the network performance.

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Srini Gowda

VP-Autonomous Vehicles | Emerging Tech
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- Check the physical layer: Inspect cables and connectors for damage or loose connections. - Measure resistance and voltage: Use a multimeter or CAN diagnostic tool to ensure values are within standard ranges. - Inspect termination resistors: Ensure they are properly installed at both ends of the network to prevent signal reflections. - Verify software configurations: Check each node for correct baud rate and compatible protocols. - Utilize CAN analyzer or oscilloscope: Diagnose intermittent issues like noise or data frame errors.

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Birkan Atlamaz, MSc, PhD(c)

Chief E/E Officer | E/E, SW, HW | vCISO Vehicle Cybersecurity @ ANADOLU ISUZU | Innovative Startup Mentor | Blogger
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Knowing the fact that, CAN high is around 3.5 V when transmitting, CAn low is araound 1.5 V when transmitting, when ignition off the resistor value of whole CAN system is around 60 Ohm. All these information must be poured into a handy technician to check wiring harnesses, terminals, loose connectors, short circuits to voltage or ground, etc.

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Anjo Mathew

Data Engineering | Business Strategy | CAN Bus | Vehicle Data Loggers
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Typically, the voltage range should fall within 2.0 V to 4.0 V. Deviations below 2.0 V or above 4.0 V could indicate potential faults in one or multiple nodes. To address a voltage below 2.0 V, verify the continuity of the CAN High and CAN Low lines. If the voltage exceeds 4.0 V, investigate for excessive voltage.

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2 Scan for error codes

The next step is to scan for error codes that could indicate a problem with the CAN network. You can use a diagnostic scan tool or a laptop with a CAN interface to connect to the network and read the error codes from the devices. Error codes can help you narrow down the possible causes and locations of the problem. For example, if you see a U0001 code, it means there is a high-speed CAN communication bus fault. If you see a U0129 code, it means there is a lost communication with the brake system control module.

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3 Analyze the data traffic

The third step is to analyze the data traffic on the CAN network and look for any anomalies or patterns. You can use a CAN analyzer or a software tool to capture and decode the data frames that are sent and received on the network. Data traffic analysis can help you identify the frequency, priority, content, and source of the data frames. You can also compare the data traffic with the expected values and specifications of the network. For example, if you see a data frame with an incorrect identifier, it could mean that there is a device malfunction or a configuration error.

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4 Isolate and test the devices

The fourth step is to isolate and test the devices on the CAN network and verify their functionality and compatibility. You can use a breakout box or a test light to disconnect and reconnect the devices one by one and observe the effects on the network. Isolating and testing the devices can help you pinpoint the faulty or incompatible device that could be causing the problem. For example, if you disconnect a device and the network error disappears, it means that the device is the source of the problem.

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5 Repair or replace the components

The final step is to repair or replace the components that are causing the problem on the CAN network. You can use a soldering iron, a crimping tool, or a wire stripper to fix or replace the wires, connectors, or terminators. You can also use a programming tool or a software update to fix or replace the devices or modules. Repairing or replacing the components can help you restore the functionality and reliability of the CAN network. For example, if you replace a damaged wire or a faulty device, you can eliminate the noise or interference that was affecting the network.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Anjo Mathew

Data Engineering | Business Strategy | CAN Bus | Vehicle Data Loggers
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CAN Bus Termination Termination is integral to aligning a node's impedance with the transmission line. Resistors function as attenuators, absorbing electrical disturbances. Incorrectly fitted terminations can cause digital signals to reflect off the data bus, generating disruptive noise. When source, transmission line, and load impedance match, these reflections are nullified, ensuring signal integrity. CAN Bus Grounding Single-point grounding mitigates ground reflux arising from varied ground potentials across different locations, while multi-point grounding expedites the dissipation of high-frequency interference signals. Hence, selecting the suitable grounding mode based on specific circumstances becomes imperative.

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How do you troubleshoot a CAN network?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 Check the physical layer

2 Scan for error codes

3 Analyze the data traffic

4 Isolate and test the devices

5 Repair or replace the components

6 Here’s what else to consider

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