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How do you sequence and organize content according to elaboration theory principles?

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Elaboration theory is a model of instructional design that helps you create effective e-learning courses by organizing and sequencing your content. It is based on the idea that learners need to start with simple and general concepts, and then gradually add more detail and complexity as they progress. In this article, you will learn how to apply the principles of elaboration theory to your e-learning projects, and what benefits it can bring to your learners and your instructional goals.

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1 What is elaboration theory?

Elaboration theory was developed by Charles Reigeluth, a professor of instructional systems technology, in the 1970s and 1980s. He proposed that learning is a process of elaborating on existing knowledge, and that instruction should follow a similar pattern. According to Reigeluth, there are two main types of elaboration: conceptual and procedural. Conceptual elaboration involves presenting the main ideas and principles of a topic, and then adding examples, analogies, and comparisons. Procedural elaboration involves presenting the steps and rules of a procedure, and then adding practice, feedback, and variations.

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Dr. Dina Piepoli U.

National Leader of Campbell’s “Supervise to Win” Program | Learning & Leadership Thought Leader
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The TWI (training within industry) methodology is an excellent example of the procedural elaboration approach to supply chain and manufacturing training and development. By layering each (1) important step with (2) the key details and (3) the “reasons why” we empower learners to synthesize and sequence information in a logically layered simulation.

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2 How to apply elaboration theory to e-learning?

To use elaboration theory in your e-learning design, you need to follow four steps: scope, sequence, synthesize, and summarize. Scope means defining the scope of your course, and identifying the core concepts and procedures that you want to teach. Sequence means arranging your content in a logical and hierarchical order, from simple to complex, and from general to specific. Synthesize means linking your content to previous and future lessons, and highlighting the connections and relationships between different concepts and procedures. Summarize means reviewing and reinforcing the key points and outcomes of your course, and providing opportunities for learners to self-assess and reflect.

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3 What are the benefits of elaboration theory?

Elaboration theory can help you create e-learning courses that are more engaging, meaningful, and memorable for your learners. By following the principles of elaboration theory, you can provide a clear and coherent structure to guide your learners through the learning process. Additionally, you can motivate them by demonstrating the relevance and value of your content, and how it relates to their prior knowledge and goals. You can also support your learners by providing scaffolding, feedback, and practice, as well as adjusting the level of difficulty and detail according to their needs and preferences. This will help enhance their retention and transfer of knowledge, enabling them to organize, integrate, and apply their learning in different contexts and situations.

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Samuel Damfe Owolabi

AI & Learning - Learning Experience Designer
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Elaboration theory helps you create a compelling and engaging instructional design. It literally expands knowledge of what is known, allowing your learners to learn more deeply.

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4 What are the challenges of elaboration theory?

Elaboration theory, while useful, has its limitations and challenges. When using it in e-learning design, you may struggle to determine the optimal scope and sequence of content, as well as balance the depth and breadth of your material. Additionally, you must adapt your content to the diverse needs and backgrounds of learners, and evaluate the effectiveness and impact of your instruction. Measuring the learning outcomes and satisfaction of your learners is also important.

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5 How to overcome the challenges of elaboration theory?

To overcome the challenges of elaboration theory, you should adopt a learner-centered and evidence-based approach to your e-learning design. To do this, it is important to conduct a thorough analysis of your learners' characteristics, preferences, goals, and prior knowledge. Formative and summative assessments, surveys, and feedback tools can be used to monitor progress and performance. Incorporating interactive and multimedia elements like animations, simulations, games, and scenarios can enrich content and increase engagement. Additionally, providing multiple pathways and modes of learning such as branching, adaptive, or personalized learning can cater to different learning styles. Social and collaborative learning activities like discussions, peer reviews, or group projects can foster communication and critical thinking skills while creating a sense of community.

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Bill Velbeck, PhD, MBA, SPHR, CPT, LSW

Independent Consultant
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I encourage trainers to do as much learner analysis as they can upfront (i.e., what does the learner already know when they walk in the door?) to help manage the way they structure the course material to avoid either under-challenging or overwhelming their learners. I also do a lot of "mindsetting" with my learners. If I am teaching a complex or abstract topic, I try to set them at ease at the beginning by explaining things like successive approximation in learning (you have to crawl before you can walk), and use Lego building blocks as a metaphor for the cumulative process of organizing and assembling small pieces of information into a larger whole.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Jim Jennings

Instructional Designer | Online Learning Designer | Instructional Simulations | Video Production
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This is the crutch of modern instruction. There is no time for self-discovery therefore give them all and any information at once. I learned about many software by using this theory, unbeknownst to me at the time. Trying to apply elaboration to many of my lessons would elongate them beyond the project’s limits.

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How do you sequence and organize content according to elaboration theory principles?

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1 What is elaboration theory?

2 How to apply elaboration theory to e-learning?

3 What are the benefits of elaboration theory?

4 What are the challenges of elaboration theory?

5 How to overcome the challenges of elaboration theory?

6 Here’s what else to consider

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