Last updated on 2024年8月6日

How do you respond to long-term advanced persistent threats?

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Long-term advanced persistent threats (APTs) are stealthy and sophisticated cyberattacks that aim to compromise and maintain access to high-value targets, such as governments, corporations, or critical infrastructure. APTs can evade detection for months or years, while stealing data, disrupting operations, or sabotaging systems. As an incident responder, how do you deal with these complex and persistent adversaries? Here are some key steps to follow.

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Behavioral analysis:

This technique involves monitoring for patterns that deviate from normal activity, which can indicate malicious intent. By adopting behavioral analysis, you'll catch sneaky threats that traditional defenses might miss.
Regular security audits:

Scheduling routine checks of your systems helps ensure security measures are up-to-date and effective. Think of it as a health check-up for your network to prevent digital ailments from spreading.

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1 Identify the scope

The first step is to identify the scope of the APT, which means finding out how many systems, networks, or users are affected, and what kind of malware, tools, or techniques are used by the attackers. This can be done by analyzing the indicators of compromise (IOCs), such as suspicious files, network traffic, or registry entries, and correlating them with threat intelligence sources, such as reports, feeds, or databases. You should also look for signs of lateral movement, privilege escalation, or data exfiltration, which can indicate the attackers' objectives and capabilities.

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Masoumeh (Masi) Mousavi

Cybersecurity Specialist | Crypto & Cyber Crime Investigator | M.S. Cybersecurity Technology | CompTIA Security+
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APTs are motivated by a specific goal or objective, such as espionage, sabotage, or theft, and are supported by well-resourced actors like nation-states, criminal groups, or competitors. Advanced Persistent Threat Identification Tactics: 1. Behavioral Analysis 2. AI-Driven Threat Intelligence 3. Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) 4. Regular Security Audits and Penetration Testing APT Mitigation Strategies : 1. Segmentation and Access Control 2. Updating and Patching Systems 3. Data Encryption APT Response Tactics: -Incident Response Plan -Forensic Analysis -Collaboration with Law Enforcement

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Courtney Nicole

?? Christian Business Owner ?? "?? Professional in Organic Lead Gen, Social Media Marketing, Branding, Email Marketing & Event Coordination | Transforming Businesses with Innovative Strategies ??"
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I have several clients who work in cybersecurity prevention. The best thing you can do to prevent a hacker from getting into any system like @Robert stated is to look at patters of previous attacks number one. Secondly, you have to be 10 times smarter than the hacker and think ahead. There is NEVER such thing as having too much protection.

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??????????? ??????????????????

Cybersecurity Leader | Maker | Mentor
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Monitoring your DNS traffic and breaking encryption are ways to do this. But also looking at data traffic patterns is another way. X system normally sends 100Mbs of data a day and is now sending gigabytes this could be a concern. But in order to do any of this you need baselines of what good looks like and that is one of the harder parts.

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2 Contain the threat

The next step is to contain the threat, which means isolating the infected or compromised systems, networks, or users from the rest of the environment, and preventing further damage or spread. This can be done by applying patches, blocking ports, disabling accounts, or changing credentials, depending on the situation. You should also collect and preserve any relevant evidence, such as logs, memory dumps, or disk images, for further analysis and investigation. You should also communicate with the stakeholders, such as management, legal, or public relations, and inform them of the incident status and actions taken.

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??????????? ??????????????????

Cybersecurity Leader | Maker | Mentor
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Collecting and persevering evidence is key, this is how you can identify other systems infected in your network. Let's say the infected system is his a C2 or sending data from DNS to an odd website. If you can identify that you can find all other systems infected. Attackers are not all amazing highly technical people, the average attacker will do the same thing on as many systems as they can changing nothing. Just because it's easier or they lack the skills to change it. Remember in most cases you were not targeted you were just easy.

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Farukh Ismailov

Logistics Safety Engineer @ NCOC N.V. | IOSH MS | Risk Management | HSE Competency Assurance | Compliance
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The next step in handling an Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is to contain the threat by isolating compromised systems, networks, or users to prevent further damage or spread. This may involve applying patches, blocking ports, disabling accounts, or changing credentials. Simultaneously, collect and preserve relevant evidence—such as logs, memory dumps, or disk images—for thorough analysis and investigation. Effective containment also includes timely communication with stakeholders—management, legal, and public relations—to update them on the incident status and actions taken, ensuring coordinated and informed responses.

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3 Eradicate the threat

The third step is to eradicate the threat, which means removing all traces of the APT from the environment, and restoring the normal operations and functions. This can be done by deleting or quarantining the malicious files, cleaning or reinstalling the affected systems, restoring the data from backups, or implementing new security controls, such as firewalls, antivirus, or encryption. You should also verify that the APT is completely eliminated, and that no backdoors, rootkits, or persistence mechanisms are left behind.

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4 Analyze the threat

The fourth step is to analyze the threat, which means understanding the origin, nature, and impact of the APT, and learning from the incident. This can be done by performing a root cause analysis, identifying the vulnerabilities or weaknesses that enabled the APT, and assessing the consequences or losses caused by the APT. You should also compare the APT with other known or similar threats, and determine the attribution or motivation of the attackers. You should also document and report the findings and recommendations, and share them with the relevant parties.

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5 Improve the security

The final step is to improve the security, which means applying the lessons learned from the incident, and enhancing the defenses and resilience of the environment. This can be done by updating or creating new policies, procedures, or standards, training or educating the staff or users, testing or auditing the systems or networks, or acquiring or deploying new tools or technologies. You should also monitor and review the security posture and performance, and adjust or modify them as needed.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you respond to long-term advanced persistent threats?

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2

3

4

5

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1 Identify the scope

2 Contain the threat

3 Eradicate the threat

4 Analyze the threat

5 Improve the security

6 Here’s what else to consider

Incident Response

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