Measuring health system performance is a complex task, as it depends on the context, purpose, and scope of the assessment. Generally, it involves defining goals and objectives of the health system, collecting and analyzing data on the related indicators, comparing results with benchmarks or targets, and reporting and communicating findings and recommendations. For instance, the World Health Organization (WHO) defines four core goals for health systems, such as health (level and distribution), responsiveness (to people's expectations), financial protection (against the cost of illness), and fairness of financing (across income groups). Data can be collected from surveys, administrative records, registries, or audits, while benchmarks can be derived from best practices, historical trends, or international comparisons. Furthermore, findings and recommendations can be presented in reports, dashboards, scorecards, or feedback loops to inform decision-making and action.