Wireless access points and routers are essential devices for connecting your network to the internet and other networks. However, they also pose security risks if not properly configured and managed. In this article, you will learn how to manage wireless access points and routers to ensure network security and performance.
Not all wireless access points and routers are created equal. Some have more features, security options, and performance capabilities than others. You should choose the devices that suit your network needs and budget, and that are compatible with your existing hardware and software. For example, you may want to look for devices that support the latest wireless standards, such as 802.11ac or ax, that offer encryption and authentication methods, such as WPA2 or WPA3, and that have firewall and antivirus functions.
Before choosing devices, thoroughly assess your network requirements. Consider factors such as the size of your space, the number of users, the types of devices connecting to the network, and the expected network traffic. Understanding these needs will guide your device selection. Prioritize security features when selecting devices. Look for wireless access points and routers that support the latest security standards, such as WPA3, which provides robust encryption. Additionally, consider devices that offer intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS), firewall capabilities, and built-in antivirus features for added protection against cyber threats.
Choosing the right wireless access device includes those that support the latest IEEE wireless standard which is 802.11ax. They are also called High-Efficiency Wireless or HEW. They can handle more devices, have higher data rates and are more energy or power efficient. Moreover, in order to get a secure connection to the private corporate VPN, remote workers must install a VPN client. However, there are some special routers that have the capability to connect computers to a private corporate VPN. Overall, choosing the right devices depends on needed requirements and policy.
Once you have chosen the right devices, you need to configure them securely to prevent unauthorized access and attacks. You should change the default passwords and usernames, disable remote administration and unnecessary services, enable encryption and authentication, and update the firmware regularly. You should also use a strong and unique SSID (service set identifier) for your wireless network, and avoid broadcasting it if possible. Additionally, you should limit the number of devices that can connect to your wireless network, and use MAC (media access control) address filtering to allow only trusted devices.
Always start by changing the default usernames and passwords of your wireless devices. Default credentials are well-known to attackers and are a common entry point for unauthorized access. Choose strong, unique passwords for each device. Review the services and features offered by your wireless devices and disable any that you don't need. For example, if a service like Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is not essential, it's often best to disable it, as it can introduce security vulnerabilities. Regularly check for firmware updates provided by the manufacturer and apply them promptly. Firmware updates often include security patches that address known vulnerabilities. Keeping your devices up to date is crucial for maintaining a secure network
Configuring the devices securely is not enough. You also need to monitor them regularly to detect and respond to any anomalies or issues. You should check the logs and reports of your devices to see the traffic, performance, and security status of your wireless network. You should also use network monitoring tools, such as Wireshark or Nmap, to scan and analyze your network for vulnerabilities, intrusions, or misconfigurations. Furthermore, you should perform periodic audits and tests of your wireless network to verify its security and functionality.
Regularly monitoring network devices includes monitoring processes. This will allow you to detect rogue access point installations which are installed without authorization. If allowed to be placed on the network, even by well intentioned employees, this will create network vulnerabilities and facilitate potential intrusions. The goal is to know your network and implement polices that restricts and limits WAP installations. WLAN tools like NetStumbler can be used to detect rogue access points as well as unauthorized workstations. If you are using Cisco, discovery protocols can be used to discover devices and easily map your network
Regular monitoring allows you to detect security threats and anomalies in their early stages. By identifying issues promptly, you can take corrective action before they escalate into major security breaches. Monitoring provides insights into network behaviour. By analyzing these insights, you can proactively address issues and optimize network performance, enhancing the user experience. Additionally, Wireless devices typically generate logs and reports. Regularly review these logs to spot unusual activities, such as repeated failed login attempts, unauthorized access attempts, or abnormal traffic patterns.
Monitoring the devices regularly is not enough either. You also need to maintain them properly to ensure their optimal performance and longevity. You should clean the devices from dust and dirt, and keep them away from heat and moisture. You should also place them in strategic locations to avoid interference and signal loss, and adjust the antennas and power settings to optimize the coverage and range. Moreover, you should replace the devices when they become outdated or damaged, and dispose of them securely to prevent data leakage.
Regular maintenance helps keep your devices operating at their peak performance. Dust and dirt accumulation, overheating, or environmental factors can degrade performance over time. A properly maintained wireless network is more reliable. Users can depend on consistent connectivity and reduced downtime, which is crucial for productivity and customer satisfaction. Neglected devices can become security risks. Outdated firmware or hardware may have unpatched vulnerabilities that malicious actors could exploit. Establish a relationship with your device manufacturer or vendor. They can provide guidance, support, and updates to help maintain your devices effectively.
Managing the devices is not the only responsibility of the network administrator. You also need to train the users accordingly to avoid human errors and behaviors that can compromise the security and performance of your wireless network. You should educate the users about the risks and best practices of using wireless devices, such as choosing strong passwords, avoiding public or unsecured networks, and updating their software. You should also enforce policies and rules for the use of wireless devices, such as restricting access to sensitive data, limiting bandwidth consumption, and reporting incidents.
Many security breaches result from human errors, such as weak passwords, falling for phishing attacks, or connecting to unsecured networks. Proper training can significantly reduce these risks. User training increases security awareness among employees or network users. Informed users are more likely to recognize potential threats and take appropriate actions. Implement ongoing security awareness programs that cover topics such as password security, phishing awareness, safe browsing habits, and the risks of public Wi-Fi networks. Secure buy-in and support from senior management for security training initiatives. Leadership's commitment to security sets the tone for the entire organization. Provide easy-to-access resources such as FAQs.
Finally, you need to review the devices periodically to ensure that they are still meeting your network needs and expectations. You should evaluate the devices based on their security, performance, reliability, and usability. You should also compare the devices with the latest technologies and trends, and consider upgrading or replacing them if necessary. Additionally, you should solicit feedback from the users and stakeholders, and implement improvements or changes based on their suggestions and complaints.