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How do you know if your security architecture works?

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How do you know if your security architecture works? This is a crucial question for any organization that wants to protect its assets, data, and reputation from cyber threats. Security architecture is the design and implementation of security controls, policies, and processes that support the business objectives and requirements. But how can you measure the effectiveness and efficiency of your security architecture? How can you identify and address any gaps or weaknesses? How can you demonstrate the value and impact of your security architecture to stakeholders? In this article, we will explore some of the methods and tools that can help you answer these questions and improve your security architecture.

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Pete MacKay

Product Security & Engineering | Architect | Advisor
Vadivel R

Product Owner & Security Architect @ GlobalLogic | Building Secure Products
Narendra Singh

Director - Engineering | Secure Product Development | DevSecOps | Application Security Architect | Application/Cloud…

1 Define your goals and metrics

The first step to evaluate your security architecture is to define what you want to achieve and how you will measure it. You need to align your security goals and metrics with your business goals and metrics, and make sure they are SMART: specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. For example, you might want to reduce the number of security incidents, increase the compliance rate, or improve the user satisfaction. You also need to define how you will collect, analyze, and report the data that will show your progress and performance.

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Pete MacKay

Product Security & Engineering | Architect | Advisor
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Architecture starts with scoping. Document what's included, what's not included, and constraints, prerequisites, and dependencies. It is also helpful to have a guide and reference diagrams - don't design in a vacuum. There's no such thing as an "architecture diagram"; think of a building where you have siting, floor plans, elevations, wiring and plumbing, ingress and egress - architecture is the composite of these perspectives. In security you show network topologies, servers and services, dataflow, interaction diagrams, state, flowcharts, threat models, validation plans, etc. Start with the question, "who is hosting what, and where?" - and don't forget the RACI for maintaining security posture.

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Vadivel R

Product Owner & Security Architect @ GlobalLogic | Building Secure Products
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You can assess the effectiveness of your security architecture through various means. Firstly, conduct regular penetration testing to identify vulnerabilities. Secondly, monitor network traffic for anomalies, using intrusion detection systems. Thirdly, evaluate incident response procedures to ensure swift action. Lastly, gather feedback from users regarding ease of access and potential concerns. Continuous refinement based on these assessments ensures a robust security framework.

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2 Conduct a security assessment

The second step to evaluate your security architecture is to conduct a security assessment that will test and validate your security controls, policies, and processes. You can use different types of assessments, such as vulnerability scans, penetration tests, audits, or reviews, depending on your scope and objectives. The purpose of a security assessment is to identify any gaps, weaknesses, or risks in your security architecture, and to provide recommendations for improvement. You should conduct a security assessment periodically, or whenever there is a significant change in your environment or requirements.

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3 Implement a feedback loop

The third step to evaluate your security architecture is to implement a feedback loop that will enable you to monitor, review, and improve your security architecture continuously. You need to establish a mechanism that will collect and analyze the data from your metrics and assessments, and provide you with actionable insights and feedback. You also need to communicate and share the results and feedback with your stakeholders, such as management, users, or customers, and solicit their input and feedback. You should use the feedback loop to adjust and optimize your security architecture as needed, and to demonstrate the value and impact of your security architecture.

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Pete MacKay

Product Security & Engineering | Architect | Advisor
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This is where having a living threat model can make sense, depending on the criticality of what you're protecting. This can also satisfy stakeholder communication, giving you opportunity to educate them on threats and kill chain concepts at the same time.

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4 Use a security framework

The fourth step to evaluate your security architecture is to use a security framework that will provide you with a structured and comprehensive approach to design, implement, and evaluate your security architecture. A security framework is a set of best practices, standards, and guidelines that can help you align your security architecture with your business objectives and requirements, and with the industry norms and regulations. Some of the common security frameworks are ISO 27001, NIST CSF, or SABSA. You should choose a security framework that suits your context and needs, and use it as a reference and benchmark for your security architecture.

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5 Leverage security tools

The fifth step to evaluate your security architecture is to leverage security tools that will automate and enhance some of the tasks and processes involved in designing, implementing, and evaluating your security architecture. Security tools can help you perform security assessments, monitor security metrics, collect and analyze security data, generate security reports, or implement security controls. Some of the examples of security tools are vulnerability scanners, SIEM systems, or GRC platforms. You should select and integrate the security tools that match your security architecture requirements and capabilities.

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6 Learn from others

The sixth step to evaluate your security architecture is to learn from others who have experience and expertise in security architecture design and evaluation. You can benefit from the knowledge and insights of other security professionals, such as peers, mentors, or consultants, who can offer you advice, guidance, or feedback on your security architecture. You can also learn from the best practices and lessons learned of other organizations, such as industry leaders, competitors, or partners, who have similar or different security architectures. You should seek and leverage the opportunities to network, collaborate, or benchmark with others in the security field.

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Pete MacKay

Product Security & Engineering | Architect | Advisor
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Consider the difference between reference architecture and solutions architecture, building and refining your reference diagrams and standards and internal compliance tools over time to accelerate your business' various solutions architecture engagements. If you are repeating answers to the same questions rather than pointing to your internal standards and referencing relevant sections, you have opportunity for improvement.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Narendra Singh

Director - Engineering | Secure Product Development | DevSecOps | Application Security Architect | Application/Cloud Security Enthusiast | @GlobalLogic(A Hitachi Group Company)
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There is nothing in this world that one can say is 100% secure but if security architecture is constantly tested in two ways: 1) Internally, engineers simulate attacks to find weaknesses, and 2) Externally, monitors for any unauthorized access attempts. Additionally, security is built into every stage of development, so vulnerabilities are less likely to be introduced. While no system is foolproof, these measures provide strong confidence in my security. Opening a good bug bounty before making system live in production helps in finding issues early stage and remediate them.

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How do you know if your security architecture works?

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1 Define your goals and metrics

2 Conduct a security assessment

3 Implement a feedback loop

4 Use a security framework

5 Leverage security tools

6 Learn from others

7 Here’s what else to consider

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