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Last updated on 2024年10月25日

How do you integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice?

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Conflict sensitivity is the ability to understand and respond to the dynamics of conflict in a way that minimizes harm and maximizes positive outcomes. It is especially important for monitoring, evaluation and learning (MEL) practitioners who work in peacebuilding contexts, where their interventions may have unintended or negative effects on the conflict actors and drivers. In this article, you will learn how to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice, using some practical tools and tips.

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1 Define your conflict context

The first step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to define your conflict context. This means identifying and analyzing the main causes, actors, dynamics and impacts of the conflict, as well as the opportunities and challenges for peacebuilding. You can use various tools and methods to conduct a conflict analysis, such as conflict mapping, stakeholder analysis, conflict sensitivity indicators, or participatory approaches. A good conflict analysis will help you to design your MEL framework and practice in a way that is relevant, appropriate and sensitive to the conflict context.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office | WILPF
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Understanding the exact causes and roots of the conflict you are studying is crucial, as this will provide you with a better foundation to build your studies. Through analyzing the cultural, social, political, and economic aspects of the conflict you are studying, alongside the history and present relevance of its occurrence. You will more easily learn how to apply an approach which is conflict sensitive.

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2 Align your MEL objectives and questions

The second step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to align your MEL objectives and questions with your peacebuilding goals and theories of change. This means ensuring that your MEL objectives and questions reflect the intended and unintended outcomes and impacts of your intervention on the conflict context, as well as the assumptions and risks that underpin your logic model. You can use various tools and methods to align your MEL objectives and questions, such as outcome mapping, outcome harvesting, contribution analysis, or conflict sensitivity frameworks. A good alignment will help you to measure and demonstrate your peacebuilding effectiveness and value.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office | WILPF
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Applying MEL when attempting to develop and employ conflict-sensitive frameworks is an excellent tool. MEL will allow you to not only easily adapt, grow, and better mold your frameworks, but also ensure you are consistently remaining informed and aware of the conflict progression and thus the shifts you may need to implement within your framework.

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3 Select your MEL methods and tools

The third step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to select your MEL methods and tools that are suitable and feasible for the conflict context. This means considering the ethical, practical and technical implications of your MEL methods and tools on the conflict context, as well as the capacities and preferences of your MEL team and stakeholders. You can use various criteria and guidelines to select your MEL methods and tools, such as the Do No Harm principles, the OECD-DAC criteria, the Sphere standards, or the ethical codes of conduct. A good selection will help you to collect and analyze credible and reliable data and evidence.

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4 Adapt your MEL plan and practice

The fourth step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to adapt your MEL plan and practice to the changing conflict context. This means monitoring and evaluating the changes and trends in the conflict context, as well as the feedback and learning from your MEL activities, and adjusting your MEL plan and practice accordingly. You can use various tools and methods to adapt your MEL plan and practice, such as conflict sensitivity checklists, feedback mechanisms, learning loops, or adaptive management approaches. A good adaptation will help you to improve and innovate your peacebuilding intervention and MEL practice.

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Maya Alexis Mele

Candidate for BA in International Affairs, Political Science | UN Geneva Research Fellow | World Vision Humanitarian and Advocacy Consultant | UN-NGO Migration Committee | Bahá’í International Community UN Office | WILPF
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Adapt is a key component of MEL, without consistent adaption, expansion, and objective growth your conflict-sensitive policies will face stagnation and thus fail. You must consistently attempt to take into account the thoughts and insights/feedback of outside stakeholders and other actors, as these external insights are what will allow you to adapt to the expectations and perceptions of those within the conflict.

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5 Communicate your MEL findings and recommendations

The fifth step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to communicate your MEL findings and recommendations in a way that is useful, accessible and safe for the conflict context. This means tailoring your MEL communication products and channels to the needs and expectations of your MEL audiences and stakeholders, as well as the sensitivities and risks of the conflict context. You can use various tools and methods to communicate your MEL findings and recommendations, such as storytelling, visualization, dissemination plans, or feedback sessions. A good communication will help you to share and apply your MEL learning and insights for peacebuilding.

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6 Review and refine your MEL framework and practice

The sixth and final step to integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice is to review and refine your MEL framework and practice on a regular basis. This means assessing and enhancing the quality, relevance and effectiveness of your MEL framework and practice, as well as the challenges and opportunities for improvement. You can use various tools and methods to review and refine your MEL framework and practice, such as quality assurance frameworks, peer reviews, evaluations, or learning events. A good review and refinement will help you to strengthen your MEL capacity and culture for peacebuilding.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Usama H.

Peace Advisor at GIZ Iraq
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Peacebuilding initiatives must adapt as the conflict environment evolves. In a previous role as a Team Leader, I encountered a situation where the management used the same Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) framework for four consecutive years without any review or adjustments. I discovered that no proper context analysis had been conducted, particularly concerning local stakeholders. As a result, they proceeded to install facilities and construct buildings without updating their understanding of the ground realities. This led to the host community rejecting and threatening them, as the project did not align with local values. Failing to regularly adapt and assess can endanger both your staff and resources.

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Machane Daniel I.

Contributing to Advancing the Humanitarian-Development-Environment Nexus through the United Nations System | PhD Candidate | Inspiring Hope and Building Trust
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Integrating conflict sensitivity into MEL frameworks requires a deliberate approach that considers both the direct and indirect impacts of monitoring and evaluation activities on conflict dynamics. The integration process occurs across multiple levels of the MEL cycle. Security protocols for MEL staff and participants are essential, including risk assessments before data collection and clear procedures for handling sensitive information. Data protection measures ensure that collected information cannot be misused to target specific groups or individuals. The overall approach emphasizes "do no harm" principles while gathering meaningful data to improve program effectiveness in conflict settings.

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How do you integrate conflict sensitivity into your MEL framework and practice?

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1 Define your conflict context

2 Align your MEL objectives and questions

3 Select your MEL methods and tools

4 Adapt your MEL plan and practice

5 Communicate your MEL findings and recommendations

6 Review and refine your MEL framework and practice

7 Here’s what else to consider

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