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How do you ensure the quality and validity of outcomes research data and results?

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Outcomes research is a type of health services research that evaluates the effects of health interventions and policies on patient outcomes, such as quality of life, satisfaction, and costs. It can provide valuable evidence for decision-making and quality improvement in healthcare, but it also poses some challenges in ensuring the quality and validity of the data and results. In this article, you will learn some strategies and best practices to address these challenges and enhance the credibility and usefulness of your outcomes research.

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1 Define the research question and scope

The first step in any outcomes research project is to clearly define the research question and the scope of the study. This will help you identify the relevant outcomes, indicators, data sources, methods, and stakeholders for your research. You should also consider the feasibility, ethical, and practical implications of your research question and scope, and align them with the needs and expectations of your intended audience. A well-defined research question and scope will guide your data collection and analysis, and help you avoid unnecessary or irrelevant data.

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John Green, DHA, MSN, RN, NEA-BC, CHLC

Healthcare Transformational Architect | Strategic CNO | Healthcare IT Innovator and Staffing Optimization Expert | Patient Centered
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In my experience, the research question requires a deep understanding of the detail the researcher wants to understand. Do not take the research question lightly, nor generalize the question. Consider all the possible outcomes of the data. The research question is in my opinion the most critical part of the study. When I attempted to explore human behavior towards quitting the job, I explored the literature until I found a gap that required new information. What is it that your study will prove or disprove? Research your topic and identify what is missing. What variables and relationships can help advance your general topic? Spend the time on the question and the rest will fall into place.

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Nathan Mtalimanja Banda, BSN, MSN, DBA (Doctoral Candidate)

Director of Surgical Services at Alberta Health Services
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I agree, the research question is very important in any study and has to be as specific as possible. For example; What are the factors that affect the declining retention of nurses in rural Alberta?

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2 Choose appropriate data sources and methods

The next step is to choose the appropriate data sources and methods for your outcomes research. Depending on your research question and scope, you may use primary or secondary data, or a combination of both. Primary data are collected directly from patients, providers, or other participants, while secondary data are obtained from existing sources, such as administrative records, registries, or surveys. You should evaluate the quality, validity, reliability, and representativeness of your data sources, and ensure that they are compatible with your research methods. You should also choose the most suitable methods for measuring, analyzing, and reporting your outcomes, such as quantitative or qualitative methods, or mixed methods. You should justify your choices and acknowledge their limitations and assumptions.

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Nathan Mtalimanja Banda, BSN, MSN, DBA (Doctoral Candidate)

Director of Surgical Services at Alberta Health Services
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Data collection starts with identifying the methodology to utilize in research. Will it be qualitative or quantitative, or will it the research adopt a mixed methods approach? Qualitative approaches seem to be used a lot in health delivery studies and include narrative enquiry, focus group discussions, interviews either semi structured or environmental scan type of questions. Quantitative approaches may include surveys etc. While mixed methods approaches include a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches.

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3 Implement quality assurance and control measures

The third step is to implement quality assurance and control measures throughout your outcomes research project. Quality assurance refers to the planned and systematic activities that ensure that the data and results meet the standards and objectives of the research. Quality control refers to the operational techniques and procedures that monitor and verify the quality of the data and results. Some examples of quality assurance and control measures are: developing and following a protocol, using standardized instruments and procedures, training and supervising the data collectors and analysts, conducting data audits and checks, performing sensitivity and robustness analyses, and peer reviewing the results.

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Nathan Mtalimanja Banda, BSN, MSN, DBA (Doctoral Candidate)

Director of Surgical Services at Alberta Health Services
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Quality control is critical in studies to ensure that the recommendations that come out of studies are being applied. education and clear plan for implementation is a must do before the actual implementation.

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4 Interpret and communicate the results

The final step is to interpret and communicate the results of your outcomes research. You should interpret the results in light of the research question, scope, methods, limitations, and implications. You should also consider the context, relevance, and applicability of the results for your audience, and address any potential biases or confounding factors. You should communicate the results in a clear, concise, and transparent manner, using appropriate formats, such as reports, presentations, publications, or infographics. You should also provide recommendations, implications, or suggestions for action based on the results, and invite feedback and dialogue from your audience.

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Nathan Mtalimanja Banda, BSN, MSN, DBA (Doctoral Candidate)

Director of Surgical Services at Alberta Health Services
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In addition to what I have stated in the preceding question, it is important that results are communicated to the respondents in the data collection before they’re disseminated to the wider audience including leaders and policy makers.

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Mark Brecher

Professor Emeritus, University of North Carolina, Retired Chief Medical Officer at LabCorp
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When analyzing and interpreting the data be wary of excluding data points, extrapolating data and drawing conclusions unsupported by the data.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you ensure the quality and validity of outcomes research data and results?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Define the research question and scope

2 Choose appropriate data sources and methods

3 Implement quality assurance and control measures

4 Interpret and communicate the results

5 Here’s what else to consider

Healthcare Management

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How do you ensure the quality and validity of outcomes research data and results?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Define the research question and scope

2 Choose appropriate data sources and methods

3 Implement quality assurance and control measures

4 Interpret and communicate the results

5 Here’s what else to consider

Healthcare Management

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