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How do you ensure the quality and reliability of your subsurface data?

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Subsurface data is essential for civil engineering projects, as it provides information on the soil and rock properties, groundwater conditions, and potential hazards that affect the design, construction, and performance of structures and infrastructures. However, subsurface data can also be unreliable, incomplete, or inaccurate, leading to costly errors, delays, or failures. How do you ensure the quality and reliability of your subsurface data? Here are some tips and best practices to follow.

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Lawrence Arcand, P.Eng , PE

President at 4Sight Utility Engineers
Gordon Wilson

Experienced Director and Industry Professional
James Xu

Survey & Mapping

1 Plan your exploration

Prior to collecting subsurface data, it is necessary to plan your exploration strategy, taking into account objectives, scope and budget of the project. When doing so, you should evaluate the type and extent of the subsurface investigation (e.g. drilling, boring, sampling, testing, geophysical methods or remote sensing), the number and location of exploration points (in relation to site conditions, accessibility and spatial variability of subsurface), the quality and quantity of samples and data needed (according to design criteria, specifications and standards of the project) as well as data management and analysis methods (such as data recording, storage, processing, interpretation and reporting). Planning your exploration will help you optimize resources, avoid unnecessary or redundant data and spot potential gaps or limitations in your data.

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Gordon Wilson

Experienced Director and Industry Professional
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We very rarely know nothing about how the ground became whether that be natural or man-made. With that context the investigations should be more focused and less expensive, as an opportunity missed to find key information will lead to further investigation or risks for anyone assessing and undertaking future construction or environmental clean up. Photographs wherever possible cost very little but are worth so much to put a context around what is seen and described.

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2 Follow the standards and guidelines

When conducting a subsurface exploration and sampling, it is important to adhere to the relevant standards and guidelines that apply to your project and location. These include codes and regulations of local authorities and agencies, technical standards and specifications of professional associations and organizations, as well as project-specific standards and guidelines agreed upon by stakeholders and consultants. Adhering to these standards will help ensure the consistency, accuracy, and validity of your subsurface data.

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3 Perform quality checks and tests

Once you have collected your subsurface data, you should conduct quality checks and tests to verify and evaluate it. Such tests should encompass visual inspection, field measurements, field classification, and field tests during or after subsurface exploration and sampling. Additionally, sample identification, preservation, handling, and laboratory tests should be performed after the subsurface samples have been transported and prepared for laboratory analysis. Finally, data verification, validation, correction, and calibration should be conducted after the subsurface data are recorded and stored in the data management system. Quality checks and tests will help detect any errors, anomalies, or discrepancies in your subsurface data.

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4 Interpret and report your data

Interpreting and reporting your data is an essential step for communicating and presenting your findings and recommendations to your clients, colleagues, and other stakeholders. To do so effectively, you should use data interpretation methods such as statistical methods, graphical methods, or numerical methods. Additionally, consider the data reporting formats and contents such as tables, charts, maps, profiles, cross-sections, or reports. Furthermore, be sure to adhere to data reporting standards and guidelines to ensure the clarity, completeness, and reliability of your subsurface data. This includes considering data quality indicators, data limitations and uncertainties, or data references and sources. Ultimately, interpreting and reporting your data can help you demonstrate the quality and reliability of your subsurface data.

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James Xu

Survey & Mapping
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Properly create database/GIS of survey data, by this way whole projects/area reliable survey data can be used for other related survey or for reference purposes.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Lawrence Arcand, P.Eng , PE

President at 4Sight Utility Engineers
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Ty It is good that you brought up SUE but unfortunatley, you got the QL's backwards. Any engineer/designer working on a project that could be influenced by the presence of existing utilities should follow the ASCE 38-22 Standard. Oringally published in 2002 and recently updated in 2022, 38 identifies various quality levels of underground utility data. QL-D is information based on records information. QL-C is information derived by correlating surveyed surface features and records information (i.e. MH's and sewers). QL-B is based on geophysics to confirm alignment. Finally QL-A is based on exposure typically using vacuum excavation. The P.Eng responsible for the SUE investigation can help scope assignments to give the most benefit.

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Tayab (Ty) Rosanally

Senior Project Engineer at City of Toronto
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There are different levels for SUE investigation depending on the importance of the projects. For minor work, level A is enough. As- build drawings are enough. For medium size project , level B is enough where some site investigations are required whereas level C are for complicated projects where more precision is required and more advanced site investigations are required.

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How do you ensure the quality and reliability of your subsurface data?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Plan your exploration

2 Follow the standards and guidelines

3 Perform quality checks and tests

4 Interpret and report your data

5 Here’s what else to consider

Civil Engineering

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How do you ensure the quality and reliability of your subsurface data?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Plan your exploration

2 Follow the standards and guidelines

3 Perform quality checks and tests

4 Interpret and report your data

5 Here’s what else to consider

Civil Engineering

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