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How do you design an FDT for a passive optical network?

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If you are planning to deploy a fiber to the home (FTTH) network, you need to design a fiber distribution terminal (FDT) that connects the optical line terminal (OLT) at the central office with the optical network units (ONUs) at the customer premises. An FDT is a passive device that splits, routes, and manages the optical signals in a passive optical network (PON). In this article, you will learn how to design an FDT for a PON that meets your network requirements and standards.

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1 Choose the FDT type

There are different types of FDTs that vary in their size, capacity, and configuration. The most common ones are wall-mounted, pole-mounted, and underground FDTs. You need to choose the FDT type that suits your network environment, budget, and installation preferences. For example, wall-mounted FDTs are easy to install and access, but they may not be suitable for harsh weather conditions or vandalism. Pole-mounted FDTs are more durable and flexible, but they may require more space and permits. Underground FDTs are more secure and discreet, but they may be more expensive and difficult to maintain.

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Jiang Yi (River Yi)

19+ years to FIBER OPTIC CABLE PRODUCT EXPERIENCE | TECHNICAL SUPPORTING SERVICES | ONE-STOP PRODUCT SUPPLY
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Based on the raw material, there has two type FDT, Plastic and Metal. Plastic: PC(Poly carbonate), ABS(Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene), PP(Polypropylene), SMC(Sheet Molding Compound). Metal steel sheet: Stainless, Cold-rolled, Galvanize, Aluminum.

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2 Determine the FDT capacity

The FDT capacity refers to the number of fibers and ports that the FDT can accommodate. You need to determine the FDT capacity based on your network demand, growth potential, and service level agreement (SLA). For example, if you are serving a high-density residential area, you may need a high-capacity FDT that can support more ONUs and subscribers. If you are serving a low-density rural area, you may need a low-capacity FDT that can save costs and space. You also need to consider the future expansion of your network and the quality of service (QoS) that you want to offer to your customers.

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Jiang Yi (River Yi)

19+ years to FIBER OPTIC CABLE PRODUCT EXPERIENCE | TECHNICAL SUPPORTING SERVICES | ONE-STOP PRODUCT SUPPLY
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The most used capacity of the FDT: If the box with splitter it will be 8 fibers, 16 fibers, 32fiber. If the box without splitter it will be 12 fibers, 24 fibers, 48 fibers.

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3 Select the splitter ratio

The splitter ratio is the ratio of the number of input fibers to the number of output fibers in a splitter. A splitter is a passive device that divides the optical signal from the OLT into multiple signals for the ONUs. You need to select the splitter ratio that balances the trade-off between the network performance and the network cost. For example, a high splitter ratio (such as 1:64) can reduce the network cost by using fewer fibers and FDTs, but it can also degrade the network performance by increasing the optical loss and the attenuation. A low splitter ratio (such as 1:4) can improve the network performance by using more fibers and FDTs, but it can also increase the network cost.

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4 Design the FDT layout

The FDT layout is the arrangement of the fibers, ports, splitters, and other components inside the FDT. You need to design the FDT layout that optimizes the space utilization, the cable management, and the accessibility of the FDT. For example, you can use a modular design that allows you to add or remove modules as needed. You can also use a color-coded scheme that helps you to identify the different types of fibers and ports. You can also use a labeling system that helps you to trace and troubleshoot the FDT connections.

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Jiang Yi (River Yi)

19+ years to FIBER OPTIC CABLE PRODUCT EXPERIENCE | TECHNICAL SUPPORTING SERVICES | ONE-STOP PRODUCT SUPPLY
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Most of the FDT box was mounted onto the wall or on the pole. then easy and convenient for the engineer doing the cable fixing, termination, distribution is much important. So the new design of the box that realize the inner structure as a whole modular can take out from the box shell directly So the engineer can working on the ground in advance, then take it put into the box shell which mounted on the wall or pole.

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5 Test the FDT performance

The FDT performance is the measure of how well the FDT can transmit and receive the optical signals in the PON. You need to test the FDT performance before and after the installation to ensure that it meets the network specifications and standards. For example, you can use an optical power meter to measure the optical power level at the input and output ports of the FDT. You can also use an optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to measure the optical loss, the attenuation, and the distance of the FDT. You can also use a protocol analyzer to measure the data rate, the latency, and the error rate of the FDT.

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6 Maintain the FDT reliability

The FDT reliability is the ability of the FDT to operate without failures or interruptions in the PON. You need to maintain the FDT reliability by performing regular inspections, cleaning, and repairs of the FDT. For example, you can inspect the FDT for any physical damage, corrosion, or contamination. You can clean the FDT with a dry or wet cloth or a compressed air can. You can repair the FDT by replacing any defective or damaged components or cables. You can also monitor the FDT remotely by using a network management system (NMS) that alerts you to any faults or alarms in the FDT.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How do you design an FDT for a passive optical network?

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1 Choose the FDT type

2 Determine the FDT capacity

3 Select the splitter ratio

4 Design the FDT layout

5 Test the FDT performance

6 Maintain the FDT reliability

7 Here’s what else to consider

Fiber to the Home (FTTH)

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