Innovation models are frameworks or methods that guide you through the stages of innovation, from identifying problems and opportunities to scaling and diffusing solutions. These models can help structure the innovation process, reduce uncertainty and risk, and increase efficiency and effectiveness. Design thinking is a human-centered approach that focuses on empathizing with users, defining their needs, ideating solutions, prototyping and testing them, and iterating based on feedback. Lean startup is a customer-oriented approach that emphasizes building a minimum viable product (MVP), measuring its performance, learning from the data, and pivoting or persevering based on the results. Open innovation is a collaborative approach that leverages external sources of knowledge, ideas, and resources from partners, customers, suppliers, or competitors to create value and innovation. Blue ocean strategy is a market-oriented approach that seeks to create new demand and uncontested market space by offering a value proposition that surpasses existing competition.