How do you choose the best fire alarm system for your building design?

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Fire alarms are essential for the safety and security of any building, but how do you choose the best system for your design? There are many factors to consider, such as the type, size, layout, occupancy, and function of your building, as well as the codes and standards that apply to your location. In this article, we will guide you through some of the key steps and criteria for selecting the most suitable fire alarm system for your building design.

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Joseph Wu

I provide free Fire Engineering calculators ???? FireEngineerUK.com | SOCOTEC UK
Saeed Saad Aziz, M.sc, PMP, P.Eng

Quality Control Section Head @ Hassan Allam Construction | Mechanical
Arinao Netshivhulana

PrEng, Senior Mechanical Engineer at Muteo Consulting

1 Fire alarm types

There are two main types of fire alarm systems: conventional and addressable. Conventional systems use one or more circuits to connect the devices, such as detectors, manual call points, and sounders, to a central control panel. Each circuit covers a specific zone or area of the building, and the panel can only identify which zone has activated the alarm. Addressable systems use a loop or network to connect the devices, each of which has a unique address or identifier. The panel can pinpoint the exact location and status of each device, and also communicate with them individually or in groups. Addressable systems are more flexible, accurate, and reliable than conventional systems, but they are also more expensive and complex to install and maintain.

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Joseph Wu

I provide free Fire Engineering calculators ???? FireEngineerUK.com | SOCOTEC UK
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Addressable alarm systems have a weakness when it comes to maintenance. One time I had a high-rise residential building that wanted to replace its damaged smoke detectors. Unfortunately, the smoke detectors that could interface with that particular addressable fire alarm model was no longer in production and thus obsolete in the market. The only remaining solution was to buy a new fire alarm panel and reinstall the smoke detectors on all 30+ storeys. Many notable addressable fire alarm panel brands make their software and hardware proprietary, instead of open source.

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Saeed Saad Aziz, M.sc, PMP, P.Eng

Quality Control Section Head @ Hassan Allam Construction | Mechanical
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The purpose of fire alarm system is function and proper integration of other systems, firstly, determine source of hazard and why you need this alarm for, for instance, smoke or heat or dust determine kind of alarm system or detectors used. then, make sure all devices are connected to fire alarm control panel and integrated with other systems like lifts, hvac air conditioning and ventilation systems.

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Sébastien BOUJU
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Le choix du meilleur système d'alarme incendie pour un batiment implique de considérer deux principaux types de systèmes : conventionnels et adressables. Les systèmes conventionnels utilisent des circuits pour connecter les appareils à un panneau central, tandis que les systèmes adressables utilisent des boucles pour une localisation précise des incidents. Bien que les systèmes adressables offrent plus de flexibilité, ils sont également plus co?teux et complexes. D'autres facteurs à prendre en compte incluent la taille du batiment, l'évolutivité, le diagnostic à distance, l'intégration avec d'autres systèmes, la conformité aux normes, les co?ts à long terme et la formation du personnel.

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Edgardo Zúgaro

Ingeniero Civil orientado a la gestión de Mantenimiento, Obras y Servicios
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1. Definir qué zonas debo cubrir 2. Evaluar mi presupuesto 3. Saber que zonas cubro (Sobre cielorraso, bajo piso técnico, etc) 4. Con los 3 primeros datos, dise?ar un sistema de alarmas que, además de dar se?ales audibles y visuales para una evacuación, corte la tensión general y apague el sistema de aire 5. Garantizar que tenga soft gráfico para saber donde está el foco ígneo. 6. En función de las necesidades, ver de instalar un sistema de extinción automática

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Paulo Chong

Contract / Project / Construction / Engineering / Supervision Coordinator (PMO) @ Tecnoplano Mission Critical
(已编辑)
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The aim of a fire alarm system is to take into account the risks involved in the building in order to reduce the impact of damage caused by a possible fire. To achieve this, you need a combination of passive and active protection systems. There is no single "best" system, as the optimal solution will vary depending on the specific user and building. The key is to design a system that is tailored to the needs of the occupants, taking into account factors such as: - Type of occupants; - Mobility difficulties; - Ease of use. Ultimately, the best fire alarm system is one that effectively detects and alerts occupants to a fire, while also being accessible and user-friendly for everyone in the building.

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2 Fire alarm categories

Fire alarm systems are also classified into different categories, depending on their purpose and function. The categories range from M (manual) to L (life protection) and P (property protection), and each category has subcategories that specify the level of coverage and detection required. For example, an M system only consists of manual call points that allow people to raise the alarm manually, while an L1 system provides automatic detection throughout the building to protect all occupants and escape routes. A P1 system provides automatic detection in all areas of the building to protect the property and contents from fire damage. The category and subcategory of your fire alarm system will depend on the fire risk assessment, the building use and occupancy, and the relevant codes and standards.

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Joseph Wu

I provide free Fire Engineering calculators ???? FireEngineerUK.com | SOCOTEC UK
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If the building falls under the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom (UK), the fire alarm category selection depends on the building classification. For residential buildings, the alarm systems are defined in BS 9991 or Approved Document B Volume 1. Residential fire alarm systems should comply with BS 5839-6 and BS 5839-1 (for residential ancillary areas). For commercial projects, the alarm systems are defined in BS 9999 or Approved Document B Volume 2. Non-domestic fire alarm systems should comply with BS 5839-1. For other occupancy types, refer to the applicable design guidance documents. The selection of a building's fire alarm system category is performed by the Fire Engineer in the fire safety strategy document.

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Sébastien BOUJU
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Le choix de la catégorie d'alarme incendie est crucial et dépend de divers facteurs. Ces catégories, allant de M (manuel) à L (protection de la vie) et P (protection des biens), ainsi que leurs sous-catégories, déterminent le niveau de couverture et de détection requis. L'évaluation des risques d'incendie, l'utilisation du batiment, l'occupation, les codes locaux et la flexibilité du système sont des éléments clés à considérer. La catégorie choisie impacte également les besoins de maintenance et de tests. Une analyse approfondie de ces aspects permettra de sélectionner la catégorie la plus adaptée pour assurer une protection efficace contre les incendies dans le batiment.

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3 Fire alarm design

Once you have decided on the type and category of your fire alarm system, you need to design it according to the specifications and requirements of your building. This involves selecting the appropriate devices, such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, multi-sensor detectors, manual call points, sounders, beacons, and interfaces, and placing them in the optimal locations and positions. You also need to consider the wiring and cabling, the power supply and backup, the control panel and network, the zoning and addressing, the testing and commissioning, and the maintenance and servicing of your system. You should follow the best practices and guidelines of the relevant standards, such as NFPA 72, BS 5839, EN 54, and ISO 7240, as well as the local authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).

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Sébastien BOUJU
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La conception d'un système d'alarme incendie après le choix du type et de la catégorie requiert des décisions clés. Il s'agit de sélectionner et positionner judicieusement des dispositifs tels que détecteurs et points d'appel manuels, en tenant compte du cablage, de l'alimentation, du panneau de commande, du zonage, des tests, de la maintenance, et de la conformité aux normes locales. L'Autorité Having Jurisdiction doit également être consultée pour garantir la conformité réglementaire. Suivre ces étapes assure l'efficacité et la fiabilité du système d'alarme incendie dans la protection des occupants et des biens.

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Praveer Kumar

PhD in Civil Engineering at Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Former Lecturer at DSEU (Delhi Skill & Enterpreneur University)
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The integerated alarm panels to be well supported by robust softwares running well on an personal computer or dedicated server s controlling and sensing all activities of an multistoreyed building at each floor and all open/closed/inaccessible areas...

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4 Fire alarm integration

Another important aspect of choosing the best fire alarm system for your building design is how it integrates with other systems and components of your building, such as fire suppression, ventilation, lighting, security, access control, emergency communication, and building management. A well-integrated fire alarm system can enhance the functionality, performance, and efficiency of your building, as well as the safety and comfort of your occupants. For example, your fire alarm system can activate the sprinklers, close the fire doors, shut down the HVAC, turn on the emergency lights, alert the authorities, and notify the occupants via voice messages or text alerts. You should use compatible devices and protocols, such as BACnet, Modbus, or Ethernet/IP, to enable seamless communication and coordination between your fire alarm system and other systems.

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Arinao Netshivhulana

PrEng, Senior Mechanical Engineer at Muteo Consulting
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What I have learned and find it so important during design, is to make sure that the fire alarm system integrates with other systems and components of the building. This is quiet useful.

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Sébastien BOUJU
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L'intégration des systèmes d'alarme incendie avec les composants du batiment améliore sa fonctionnalité et sa sécurité. Cette collaboration avec d'autres dispositifs tels que l'extinction des incendies, la ventilation et la sécurité permet une réponse rapide et coordonnée en cas d'urgence. La sélection de périphériques et de protocoles compatibles favorise une communication transparente entre les systèmes, tandis que le respect des normes et la formation du personnel sont essentiels pour garantir une intégration efficace. En somme, une intégration bien planifiée contribue à renforcer la sécurité et l'efficacité globale du batiment.

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5 Fire alarm evaluation

Finally, you should evaluate your fire alarm system to ensure that it meets your design objectives and expectations, as well as the codes and standards that apply to your building. You should conduct a thorough inspection and testing of your system before it is operational, and also perform regular maintenance and servicing to keep it in good condition. You should also review and update your fire risk assessment, your fire safety plan, and your fire alarm documentation to reflect any changes or modifications in your building or system. You should also seek feedback from your occupants, your staff, your contractors, and your AHJ to identify any issues or opportunities for improvement in your fire alarm system.

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Sébastien BOUJU
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L'évaluation continue d'un système d'alarme incendie est indispensable pour son efficacité et la satisfaction des normes. Elle englobe des tests approfondis, un entretien régulier, et des mises à jour périodiques du plan de sécurité incendie et des évaluations des risques. La documentation précise et la rétroaction des utilisateurs contribuent à maintenir le système adapté aux évolutions du batiment. La formation continue du personnel et une veille technologique assurent une réponse optimale en cas d'urgence. En résumé, une évaluation proactive garantit la pertinence et la fiabilité constantes du système d'alarme incendie.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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MP Chowdary PMP LEED? AP BDC

MEP Contractors and Consultants
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While we need to follow the prevalent national (such as National building code of Bharat 2016ed.) and international codes (such as NFPA,FM,UL etc),we should also consider the requirements of local authorities which is also called as AHJ or Authority Having Jurisdiction... Sometimes therewould be pre-approved Provisional Fire no objection certificate issued by local AHJ.

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How do you choose the best fire alarm system for your building design?

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1 Fire alarm types

2 Fire alarm categories

3 Fire alarm design

4 Fire alarm integration

5 Fire alarm evaluation

6 Here’s what else to consider

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