Building stairs is a common but challenging project for many homeowners and contractors. Stairs need to be safe, functional and aesthetically pleasing, while also meeting the building codes and regulations. In this article, we will guide you through the basic steps of planning, budgeting, designing and constructing stairs for your home or business.
The first step of building stairs is to measure and assess the space where you want to install them. This involves determining the total rise, which is the vertical distance from the floor to the landing, and the total run, which is the horizontal distance from the wall to the edge of the stairs. You also need to consider the headroom, which is the minimum clearance between the ceiling and the stairs, and the landing, which is the platform or floor at the top or bottom of the stairs. These dimensions will affect the number, size and shape of the steps and the materials you will need.
One has to know the guy on the tape really well to trust someone else's measurements. I've heard a hundred of them. Most good cabinet companies insist on sending their people for example. Not box stores though.
Measure the top of the platform to the floor. Then divide 7 1/2 inches into that distance will give you the number of steps to figure for the stairs. I like to cut these out of a 2x12 that is long enough to match the platform.
The next step of building stairs is to estimate the cost and time of the project. The cost will depend on several factors, such as the type and quality of the materials, the complexity and style of the design, the labor and tools required and the permits and inspections needed. You can use online calculators or consult with professionals to get a rough idea of the cost, but you should also add some contingency for unexpected expenses or delays. The time will depend on your skill level, availability and the scope of the work. You should plan ahead and schedule the project accordingly, taking into account the weather, the availability of materials and workers and the potential disruptions to your daily life.
Careful planning, research, and collaboration with professionals will help create a realistic budget and a well-executed stair project
The third step of building stairs is to create a design that suits your needs and preferences. You need to decide on the layout, shape and style of the stairs, as well as the materials and finishes you want to use. You can choose from different types of stairs, such as straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, spiral or curved, depending on the space and the look you want to achieve. It's also important to calculate the dimensions and angles of the steps, risers and treads by using the formulas and rules of thumb for stair design. You can use online tools or software to help you with the design or hire a professional to do it for you.
The fourth step of building stairs is to prepare the site and assemble the components. You need to clear the area, mark the locations and cut the materials according to your design. You also need to install the framing, which is the structure that supports the stairs, and the stringers, which are the sloped boards that hold the steps. From there, you should attach the treads, which are the horizontal surfaces of the steps, and the risers, which are the vertical boards between the steps. You also need to add the railings, which are the horizontal or vertical bars that provide safety and support, and the balusters, which are the vertical posts that connect the railings and the treads.
The final step of building stairs is to apply the finishing touches and inspect the quality and safety of the stairs. You need to sand, stain, paint or seal the surfaces of the stairs, depending on the material and the desired effect. You may also wish to add the trim, which are the decorative elements that cover the gaps and edges of the stairs, and hardware, which are the accessories that enhance the functionality and appearance of the stairs (i.e., hinges, brackets, and knobs). Lastly, you need to check the stability, alignment and level of the stairs and make sure they comply with the building codes and regulations.