Network reliability is the ability of a network to provide consistent and uninterrupted service to its users and applications. This is affected by various factors, such as network topology, configuration, traffic, security, availability, redundancy, and scalability. Network engineers face many challenges to maintain network reliability, including network failures, performance issues, and changes. Network failures can be caused by hardware malfunctions, software bugs, human errors, power outages, natural disasters, or malicious attacks. Network engineers must quickly detect these issues and repair them to minimize downtime and impact on users and applications. Network performance issues are events that degrade the quality of service or user experience in a network. These can be caused by congestion, latency, jitter, packet loss, or misconfiguration. Network engineers need to monitor performance and optimize it for optimal throughput, responsiveness, and reliability. Network changes are events that modify the structure or functionality of a network. These can be planned or unplanned and must be tested for compatibility, security, and reliability before they are implemented.