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How do communication protocols enable interoperability and compatibility among different devices and systems?

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Communication protocols are the rules and standards that govern how different devices and systems exchange information. They enable interoperability and compatibility among various networks, applications, and devices, such as computers, smartphones, routers, servers, and sensors. In this article, you will learn what communication protocols are, how they work, why they are important, and what are some common examples of communication protocols.

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Ji Dong

Medical Device Tech | Innovating in AIoT
Gareth McLorn

Senior Lead Analyst (Power System Insights & Research) at SONI ltd

1 What are communication protocols?

Communication protocols are the agreed-upon methods and formats for transmitting and receiving data between different devices and systems. They specify how to encode, decode, structure, compress, encrypt, and verify the data, as well as how to handle errors, acknowledgments, and requests. Communication protocols also define the roles, functions, and behaviors of the devices and systems involved in the communication process.

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2 How do communication protocols work?

Communication protocols work by breaking down the data into smaller units called packets or frames, which are then sent over a physical or wireless medium, such as a cable, a radio wave, or an optical fiber. Each packet or frame contains a header and a payload. The header contains information about the source, destination, sequence number, protocol type, and other parameters of the packet or frame. The payload contains the actual data or message. The devices and systems use the header information to interpret, route, and process the packet or frame according to the communication protocol.

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3 Why are communication protocols important?

Communication protocols are important because they enable interoperability and compatibility among different devices and systems that use different hardware, software, and languages. Without communication protocols, there would be no common way to exchange information across networks, applications, and devices, resulting in confusion, errors, and inefficiency. Communication protocols also ensure the reliability, security, and performance of the data transmission, by providing mechanisms for error detection, correction, encryption, authentication, and quality of service.

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Gareth McLorn

Senior Lead Analyst (Power System Insights & Research) at SONI ltd
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- Interoperability is a key driver in the development of open protocol standards. - Examples include the adoption of open protocols such as DLMS/COSEM by many different smart meter OEMs, or protocols such as those within the IEC 61850 suite for inter-device communications in substations. - These differ from proprietary protocols, which are typically the preserve of one vendor - the adoption of which often means that customers risk becoming restricted in the choice of devices that they can integrate within their systems in future. - Once a large cohort of a particular industry agrees to harmonise protocol standards, then risks such as vendor lock-in or future communications obsolescence can be significantly mitigated by the customer.

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4 What are some common examples of communication protocols?

Communication protocols are used to operate at various levels of abstraction and functionality. For instance, TCP/IP is a foundational protocol suite for the Internet and most networks, with four layers: application, transport, network, and link. It is responsible for addressing, routing, delivery, reliability, and security of data packets. HTTP is an application layer protocol for the World Wide Web, defining how web browsers and servers exchange resources. SMTP is an application layer protocol for sending and receiving email messages. Bluetooth is a wireless technology that creates a personal area network between devices. Lastly, MQTT is a lightweight protocol for machine-to-machine and Internet of Things communication.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Ji Dong

Medical Device Tech | Innovating in AIoT
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Choosing the appropriate communication protocol can be a more complex task than it may seem at first glance. It's important to take into account factors such as suitability, functionality, and maintainability from the outset. Unfortunately, I have observed that sometimes, in an effort to deliver functionality with minimal effort, protocols are hastily invented without careful consideration, leading to operational issues that require significant effort to address later on. Consequently, opting for a widely-used and appropriate protocol may require additional time upfront but can ultimately save a significant amount of trouble down the road.

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How do communication protocols enable interoperability and compatibility among different devices and systems?

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1 What are communication protocols?

2 How do communication protocols work?

3 Why are communication protocols important?

4 What are some common examples of communication protocols?

5 Here’s what else to consider

Communication Protocols

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