How can you write a clear and accurate results section?

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The results section of a scientific paper is where you present and interpret your findings from your research. It is a crucial part of your paper, as it demonstrates the validity and significance of your work. However, writing a clear and accurate results section can be challenging, especially if you have a lot of data or complex analyses to report. In this article, we will share some tips on how to write a results section that is concise, coherent, and convincing.

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Nader Ale Ebrahim

?? Research Visibility and Impact Consultant | ?? Unleashing the Potential of Research Tools & Bibliometrics | ??…
Prof. Dr. Khalid Farhod Chasib

Professor of Chemical Engineering at Petroleum & Gas Engineering Department-University of Thi Qar. Top 10% of…
Christina Wiesmann

Research Associate / Postdoctoral Fellow

1 Plan your structure

Before you start writing, you need to plan the structure of your results section. This will help you organize your data and avoid repetition or confusion. A common way to structure your results section is to follow the order of your research questions or hypotheses, and present the most important or relevant results first. You can also group your results by themes, topics, or subheadings, depending on the nature and scope of your research. Make sure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence that summarizes the main point or finding, and that you use transitions and connectors to link your paragraphs logically.

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Nader Ale Ebrahim

?? Research Visibility and Impact Consultant | ?? Unleashing the Potential of Research Tools & Bibliometrics | ?? Elevating University Rankings and Research Impact | ?? Join 37K+ Followers for Daily Insights & Updates! ?
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Writing a clear and accurate results section is pivotal in scientific communication. To achieve this, succinctly report your findings without interpretation, using text, tables, and figures for clarity. AI tools can be instrumental here, assisting with data visualization, statistical analysis, and identifying significant results to highlight. These tools can also help in ensuring the accuracy of data presented, by cross-verifying results and checking for consistency. Presenting your results in a logical sequence that follows the experimental process, while adhering to journal guidelines, will further enhance the precision and clarity of your research narrative.

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Prof. Dr. Khalid Farhod Chasib

Professor of Chemical Engineering at Petroleum & Gas Engineering Department-University of Thi Qar. Top 10% of Researchers Contributing to the Peer Review of the Field of Chemical Engineering of 2016,released by Clarivate
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Organize results logically, use clear headings, present data visually, be concise, interpret but don't repeat, include relevant numerical data, be transparent about significance, save interpretation for discussion, use past tense, refer to visuals, use subheadings if needed, proofread.

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Christina Wiesmann

Research Associate / Postdoctoral Fellow
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Don't be afraid to try multiple different structures to figure out what works best! While planning is important to get a good start on writing your paper, in my experience the sections usually get shifted around multiple times. Often the story of the paper doesn't start to become clear until after you've started writing, so you might realize that the logic or flow of the section would benefit from changing around your structure a bit. But always make sure to update the other sections of the paper accordingly. Or just start with writing the results section first, something I've often been advised to do.

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2 Choose your format

The format of your results section depends on the type and amount of data you have, and the conventions of your field and journal. You can use text, tables, figures, graphs, charts, or other visual aids to present your data, but you should not use them redundantly or excessively. You should choose the format that best illustrates your data and supports your argument, and that is easy to read and understand for your audience. You should also follow the guidelines and standards of your journal or discipline for formatting, labeling, numbering, and citing your tables and figures.

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Alexandra S. Kadner, Ph.D.

Freelance Medical Writer | Medical Education and Scientific Content for Pharma Industry and Academic Clients
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There are some techniques I have used with good success: 1. Present your data informally and note what questions you get, and what sequence and wording seem to be most effective. Use these elements in your writing 2. Your results probably build onto each other in a logical fashion. Be sure to replicate this logical context in your writing. Also, set up this logical sequence in the Introduction and Methos sections so that the reader knows to expect the results you're presenting. 3. Refer back to the appropriate places in the Introduction and Methods when presenting complex results to make it easier for the reader to put your results into context. 4. Wherever possible use section headers that sum up the context of the section.

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3 Report your results

The main purpose of your results section is to report your results, not to interpret or discuss them. You should describe your data objectively and accurately, using appropriate descriptive statistics, such as means, standard deviations, frequencies, percentages, or ranges. You should also report the results of any inferential statistics, such as tests of significance, confidence intervals, or effect sizes, that you used to test your hypotheses or answer your research questions. You should use clear and precise language, avoid jargon or technical terms, and use the past tense to report your results.

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4 Highlight your findings

While you should not interpret or discuss your results in detail in this section, you can highlight the main findings or implications of your data. You can do this by comparing, contrasting, or relating your results to your research questions, hypotheses, or objectives, and by indicating whether they support or reject them. You can also point out any unexpected, surprising, or interesting results, and explain them briefly. However, you should not make any claims or conclusions that are not supported by your data, or that go beyond the scope of your research.

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5 Check your quality

Before you submit your paper, you should check the quality of your results section. You should make sure that your results section is clear, accurate, coherent, concise, and consistent. You should also proofread and edit your section for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and style errors. You should also check that your results section aligns with your abstract, introduction, methods, and discussion sections, and that there are no gaps, contradictions, or inconsistencies between them. Finally, you should ask for feedback from your peers, supervisors, or mentors, and revise your section accordingly.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you write a clear and accurate results section?

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1 Plan your structure

2 Choose your format

3 Report your results

4 Highlight your findings

5 Check your quality

6 Here’s what else to consider

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