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Last updated on 2024年4月8日

How can you use Sankey diagrams to visualize flow data?

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Sankey diagrams are a type of data visualization that show how different entities or categories flow from one stage to another. They are useful for analyzing complex systems, such as energy consumption, supply chains, or customer journeys. In this article, you will learn how to use Sankey diagrams to visualize flow data, what are the benefits and challenges of this method, and what are some tools and best practices to create them.

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Danish Karim Khan

Senior Data Analyst | Data Science | Business Intelligence | Elasticsearch Stack | Microsoft PowerBI | Tableau |…
Bob Farhang

Business/Data Analyst, ERP Implementation, Agile Methodology, Business requirements
KUNAL BHAT , PMP

SAP S4/HANA Solution Architect | IT Business Analyst | Supply Chain Expert | Drove 40% Process Efficiency with SAP IBP…

1 What are Sankey diagrams?

Sankey diagrams are named after Matthew Henry Phineas Riall Sankey, an Irish engineer who used them to illustrate the efficiency of steam engines in the 1890s. They consist of nodes and links, where nodes represent the entities or categories involved in the flow, and links represent the quantity or magnitude of the flow between them. The width of the links is proportional to the flow value, and the direction of the links indicates the flow direction. Sankey diagrams can have multiple levels or stages, and can show how the flow splits or merges along the way.

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Danish Karim Khan

Senior Data Analyst | Data Science | Business Intelligence | Elasticsearch Stack | Microsoft PowerBI | Tableau | Fintech | Data Analytics | Digital Payments
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Sankey diagrams are used to visualize flow data by representing the movement or transfer of something from one place or state to another. They consist of nodes, representing sources, destinations, or intermediate stages, and flow paths, indicating the direction and quantity of flow between nodes. These diagrams help in quantifying and analyzing the flow of data, resources, or energy in various systems and processes.

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Bob Farhang

Business/Data Analyst, ERP Implementation, Agile Methodology, Business requirements
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To visualize flow data using Sankey diagrams, categorize your data into stages, determine flow magnitudes, and create the diagram using proportional bands and lines. Add annotations for clarity, customize visual elements for readability, and interpret flow patterns for insights. Share the diagram to communicate findings effectively and optimize processes.

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Sayantan Bardhan

Analytics Consulting | Digital Marketing Consulting | Search Engine Optimization | Social Media Marketing | Content Marketing | Email Marketing | Conversion Rate Optimization
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Sankey diagrams visualize flow data by depicting the magnitude and direction of flow between nodes. Nodes represent categories or stages, while the width of the arrows indicates the flow volume. They're ideal for illustrating energy, material, or information flow in systems like supply chains or website traffic. Ecotence's software offers intuitive tools for creating customizable Sankey diagrams, enabling users to effectively analyze and communicate complex flow data with ease.

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2 Why use Sankey diagrams?

Sankey diagrams are an effective way to visualize flow data and reveal patterns, trends, and relationships that may not be evident in tables or charts. For example, you can use Sankey diagrams to compare the inputs and outputs of a system and identify inefficiencies or losses, trace the sources and destinations of a flow and understand its distribution or composition, explore the pathways or transitions of a flow and discover its drivers or influences, as well as highlight the differences or changes in a flow over time or across scenarios.

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3 What are the challenges of Sankey diagrams?

Sankey diagrams can be an effective tool for visualizing data, but they are not without their limitations. If there are too many nodes, links, or levels, the diagram can become cluttered and confusing; if the scale, color, or layout of the links are not consistent or appropriate, it can be misleading or inaccurate; if the flow values are not clearly labeled or annotated, it can be difficult to interpret or compare; and if the data is not structured or formatted properly, it can be hard to create or customize.

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4 What are some tools for Sankey diagrams?

Creating Sankey diagrams can be made easier with various tools and software, such as Google Charts, Plotly, SankeyMATIC, and Excel. Google Charts is a free and easy-to-use web-based tool that allows you to create interactive Sankey diagrams using a simple JSON format. Plotly is a powerful and flexible online platform that enables you to design and share interactive Sankey diagrams using Python, R, or JavaScript. SankeyMATIC is a fun and intuitive web-based tool that lets you build and customize Sankey diagrams using a text-based syntax. Lastly, Excel offers a Sankey diagram template as part of its Power BI suite.

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5 What are some best practices for Sankey diagrams?

Creating an effective and appealing Sankey diagram requires following some best practices. Begin by choosing a meaningful and relevant title and subtitle. Then, use a logical and consistent order and alignment for your nodes and links. Contrasting and harmonious colors should be used for your nodes and links, but be careful not to use too many or too few. Labels, annotations, legends, and tooltips can help explain and enhance your Sankey diagram. Finally, test and refine your Sankey diagram with your audience and purpose in mind.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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KUNAL BHAT , PMP

SAP S4/HANA Solution Architect | IT Business Analyst | Supply Chain Expert | Drove 40% Process Efficiency with SAP IBP and APO | Process Re-engineering & SAP Integration | Process Optimization & System Integration
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Sankey diagrams visually represent the flow of data, energy, or resources through a system. They consist of nodes representing categories or stages and directed links showing the flow between them. Width of the links corresponds to the quantity being transferred, allowing for easy identification of major flows and bottlenecks. They're effective for illustrating complex processes, such as energy usage, resource allocation, or website traffic. With their intuitive design, Sankey diagrams aid in understanding the distribution and movement of quantities within a system, making them valuable tools for analysis, planning, and communication in various fields including engineering, economics, and environmental science.

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Eltayeb Zaroug Monier

Senior Statistician, Data & Quality Analyst, RPA, WPIs, Key Metrics & Reports developer
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Sankey diagrams are used to visualize the flow of data or energy through a system. They are particularly useful for showing the relationship between input and output, or the distribution of resources within a system. In a Sankey diagram, the width of the arrows represents the flow quantity, making it easy to see the relative importance of different flows in the system.

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How can you use Sankey diagrams to visualize flow data?

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2

3

4

5

6

1 What are Sankey diagrams?

2 Why use Sankey diagrams?

3 What are the challenges of Sankey diagrams?

4 What are some tools for Sankey diagrams?

5 What are some best practices for Sankey diagrams?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Data Management

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How can you use Sankey diagrams to visualize flow data?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 What are Sankey diagrams?

2 Why use Sankey diagrams?

3 What are the challenges of Sankey diagrams?

4 What are some tools for Sankey diagrams?

5 What are some best practices for Sankey diagrams?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Data Management

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