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How can you select the best materials for your lab?

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Selecting the best materials for your lab is a crucial step in any engineering design project. You want to choose materials that are suitable for your purpose, budget, safety, and performance. But how do you compare different materials and make informed decisions? In this article, we will guide you through some basic principles and methods for material selection and specification.

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1 Material properties

When designing a product, the first step is to define the material properties that are relevant. These characteristics describe how a material behaves under certain conditions, such as stress, temperature, corrosion, etc. Examples of material properties are density, strength, stiffness, ductility, hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and cost. You should prioritize the material properties that are most important for your design. For instance, if you are creating a heat exchanger, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance and cost may be your top priorities.

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Joshua Juen

Mechanical Engineer
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One thing I've found helpful is to identify what procedure or test you conduct and because of that, you will be able to identify the type of materials you are going to use.

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2 Material selection charts

One useful tool for comparing different materials based on their properties is a material selection chart. A material selection chart is a graphical representation of the trade-offs between two material properties, such as density and strength, or stiffness and cost. Each material is represented by a point or a region on the chart, and you can use the chart to narrow down your choices based on your criteria. For example, if you want to select a material with high strength and low density, you can look for materials that are located in the upper left corner of the chart.

Material selection charts can be found in various sources, such as textbooks, databases, or online tools. You can also create your own charts using software such as Excel or MATLAB. However, you should be aware of the limitations and assumptions of the charts, such as the range of data, the units of measurement, the effects of processing, and the variability of properties.

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Joshua Juen

Mechanical Engineer
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An example I've seen is a brochure which indicates material specification such as its durability, size, etc. for you to be able to short list the the materials you really need.

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3 Material specification

Once you have selected a few candidate materials for your design, you need to specify the exact type, grade, and condition of the material that you want to use. Material specification is the process of defining the technical requirements and standards for a material, such as its composition, structure, dimensions, tolerances, testing methods, and certification. Material specification ensures that you get the material that meets your expectations and complies with the relevant regulations and codes.

Material specification can be done using various methods, such as referencing existing standards, creating custom specifications, or consulting with suppliers or experts. You should also consider the availability, delivery time, and quality control of the material that you choose. You should document your material specification clearly and communicate it effectively to your stakeholders, such as your team members, clients, or manufacturers.

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4 Material testing and evaluation

The final step in selecting the best materials for your lab is to test and evaluate the performance of your chosen materials under realistic conditions. Material testing and evaluation is the process of measuring and analyzing the behavior and properties of a material using various methods, such as mechanical testing, thermal testing, electrical testing, chemical testing, or non-destructive testing. Material testing and evaluation helps you to verify the suitability and reliability of your material, identify any defects or failures, and optimize your design.

Material testing and evaluation can be done in different stages of your design process, such as during prototyping, validation, or quality assurance. You should plan your testing and evaluation strategy based on your objectives, criteria, and resources. You should also record your testing and evaluation results and use them to improve your design or select alternative materials if needed.

Selecting the best materials for your lab is not a simple task, but it can be done systematically and effectively by following these steps. By understanding the material properties, using material selection charts, specifying the material requirements, and testing and evaluating the material performance, you can choose the materials that will make your design successful and sustainable.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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BHASKARA RAO LANKA

Sustainability, Cost controll, Customised project execuion Consultant piping quality and safety in design ,project coordination.Risk mitigation ,Root cause investigation.DOW CEC consultant till June-2024.
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MSDS, Safety assessment behavior and exposure to humans, reliability and handling on longrun. Containment and contamination with foreign or other materials.

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How can you select the best materials for your lab?

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3

4

5

1 Material properties

2 Material selection charts

3 Material specification

4 Material testing and evaluation

5 Here’s what else to consider

Engineering Design

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How can you select the best materials for your lab?

1

2

3

4

5

1 Material properties

2 Material selection charts

3 Material specification

4 Material testing and evaluation

5 Here’s what else to consider

Engineering Design

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