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How can you protect control systems from cyber threats when integrated with other systems?

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Control systems are essential for managing complex and dynamic processes in various domains, such as manufacturing, energy, transportation, and defense. However, when these systems are integrated with other systems, such as networks, databases, or cloud services, they become exposed to cyber threats that can compromise their functionality, safety, and reliability. How can you protect control systems from cyber threats when integrated with other systems? In this article, we will discuss some of the challenges and best practices for ensuring the security of control system integration and interface.

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Tord Ringenhall

Driving the future of sustainable water transport through innovation, kindness, and a revolutionary spirit.
Tyler Dean Smith

Bridging the gap between people and tech

1 Challenge 1: Identifying and assessing risks

One of the first steps to protect control systems from cyber threats is to identify and assess the risks that they face when integrated with other systems. This involves conducting a thorough analysis of the system architecture, components, interfaces, data flows, and dependencies. You also need to consider the potential impact of cyber attacks on the system performance, availability, and integrity, as well as the legal, regulatory, and ethical implications. By identifying and assessing the risks, you can prioritize the most critical assets and vulnerabilities, and design appropriate mitigation strategies.

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Tyler Dean Smith

Bridging the gap between people and tech
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Make sure to test the systems on a regular schedule and build the reviews of the reports as part of standard business processes. Tests should also be done by different tools that attack on different vectors.

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2 Challenge 2: Implementing and enforcing security policies

Another challenge to protect control systems from cyber threats is to implement and enforce security policies that define the roles, responsibilities, and rules for accessing and managing the system and its data. This includes establishing authentication, authorization, encryption, and auditing mechanisms, as well as defining the security requirements and standards for the system integration and interface. You also need to ensure that the security policies are consistent and compatible across the different systems, and that they are regularly updated and reviewed to reflect the changing threat landscape and system evolution.

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Tyler Dean Smith

Bridging the gap between people and tech
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Automated auditing alerts, when a setting is changed a group is notified and then on a regular schedule there are notifications sent to the group until such time that the configuration is changed to be secure or the monitoring tool is configured.

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John Traylor

Program Manager
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Implementing the correct security controls is a function of Company policy and Regulatory requirements. For software and control systems in development, a group of cyber and security experts must self form a team - including the developer, the customer, stakeholders, and regularly (weekly) meet to determine the applicable security controls to implement. This is best done with a team and right size the requirements implemented. Overspecifying is too expensive - underspecifying leads to security vulnerabilities that can be exploited. The Program Manager must support this activity and prioritize the determination of the right security controls. While just one aspect of security policies, this process leads to security certified systems.

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3 Challenge 3: Monitoring and responding to incidents

A third challenge to protect control systems from cyber threats is to monitor and respond to incidents that may affect the system operation or compromise its data. This requires setting up and maintaining a robust and resilient system infrastructure, as well as deploying tools and techniques for detecting, analyzing, and reporting anomalies and intrusions. You also need to establish and follow a clear and effective incident response plan that outlines the roles, procedures, and actions for containing, eradicating, and recovering from cyber incidents, as well as communicating and coordinating with the relevant stakeholders.

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4 Challenge 4: Educating and training users

A fourth challenge to protect control systems from cyber threats is to educate and train the users who interact with the system and its data. This includes raising awareness and understanding of the security risks and best practices for the system integration and interface, as well as providing guidance and support for using the system securely and responsibly. You also need to foster a culture of security among the users, and encourage them to report any suspicious or abnormal activities or incidents that they encounter.

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Tyler Dean Smith

Bridging the gap between people and tech
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Training users should happen every year for all users on the system. Not just for how to use the system but how to read and email and identify fishing attacks. Testing the users is also required to be done on a random selection continuously.

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John Traylor

Program Manager
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Companies serious about Cyber must employ professionals with Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification, or at a minimum, Security Plus. Individuals that have these certifications have the initiative and understanding of Cyber security, including the laws and regulations, and understand tactics to break into systems and implement the right controls to protect the system. Companies with security responsibilities should be willing to fund employee costs for CISSP certification if there are none on staff. Hiring CISSP typically requires a premium salary. Cyber is so important that many certifications exist that should be pursued versus internal training.

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5 Challenge 5: Testing and validating security measures

A fifth challenge to protect control systems from cyber threats is to test and validate the security measures that are implemented for the system integration and interface. This involves conducting regular and comprehensive security audits, assessments, and reviews, as well as performing simulations and exercises to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the security policies, mechanisms, and tools. You also need to collect and analyze feedback and data from the system users, operators, and managers, and use them to identify and address any gaps, weaknesses, or issues in the security measures.

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6 Challenge 6: Adapting and improving security practices

A sixth and final challenge to protect control systems from cyber threats is to adapt and improve the security practices for the system integration and interface. This means staying updated and informed of the latest trends, developments, and innovations in the cyber threat environment and the control system domain, as well as the best practices and standards for security. You also need to continuously monitor and measure the performance and impact of the security measures, and use them to inform and guide the decision-making and planning for the system security improvement and enhancement.

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Gordon Reichal

Program Manager at Raytheon
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Implement faux spider hole diversions to hacker penetrations. Develop Shadow systems that emulate operational systems with databases and system inquiry responses designed to indicate successful penetration. Fairly simple and closely related to trapdoors. Provides the opportunity to respond with misinformation depending on the intent of the hacker or the desire to tempt the hacker into taking action on faux data.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Tord Ringenhall

Driving the future of sustainable water transport through innovation, kindness, and a revolutionary spirit.
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Considering using a linked data approach instead of synchronization. Then there are not duplicates floating around in different systems, much easier to control access and permissions at the source. Read more on the topic by searching for OSLC.

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How can you protect control systems from cyber threats when integrated with other systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Challenge 1: Identifying and assessing risks

2 Challenge 2: Implementing and enforcing security policies

3 Challenge 3: Monitoring and responding to incidents

4 Challenge 4: Educating and training users

5 Challenge 5: Testing and validating security measures

6 Challenge 6: Adapting and improving security practices

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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How can you protect control systems from cyber threats when integrated with other systems?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Challenge 1: Identifying and assessing risks

2 Challenge 2: Implementing and enforcing security policies

3 Challenge 3: Monitoring and responding to incidents

4 Challenge 4: Educating and training users

5 Challenge 5: Testing and validating security measures

6 Challenge 6: Adapting and improving security practices

7 Here’s what else to consider

Systems Engineering

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