Last updated on 2024年4月23日

How can you manage noise and interference from power electronics converters?

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Power electronics converters are devices that convert electrical energy from one form to another, such as from AC to DC, DC to AC, or AC to AC. They are widely used in various applications, such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, industrial drives, and power quality improvement. However, power electronics converters also generate noise and interference, which can affect the performance and reliability of the converter itself and other devices connected to the same power network. Noise and interference can cause problems such as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, harmonic distortion, voltage fluctuations, and audible noise. Therefore, it is important to understand the sources and effects of noise and interference from power electronics converters and how to manage them effectively.

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Optimize switching frequency:

Adjusting the switching frequency can shift noise to less harmful ranges. This makes it easier to filter out unwanted interference and maintain system performance.### *Implement snubber circuits:Snubber circuits help suppress voltage and current spikes, reducing electromagnetic fields. This minimizes both conducted and radiated interference, ensuring smoother operations for your devices.

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1 Sources of noise and interference

The main sources of noise and interference from power electronics converters are the switching actions of the power semiconductor devices, such as transistors, diodes, and thyristors. Switching actions cause rapid changes in voltage and current, which produce electromagnetic fields that radiate from the converter circuit and its components. These fields can couple with other conductors, such as wires, cables, and traces, and induce unwanted voltages and currents in them. This is called conducted interference. The fields can also propagate through the air and affect other devices that are sensitive to electromagnetic waves, such as radios, televisions, and computers. This is called radiated interference.

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Pranav G. Ghate

Electrical Engineer at BorgWarner PowerDrive Systems | MSEE | Clemson University | Power Electronics | Motor Control | Electrical Machines | Automotive Traction Inverters |
(已编辑)
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Noise generation in switching circuits takes place due to their non-ideal behaviour. Parasitics are often beyond the control of design engineers who use the components. Excessive switching noise can couple with neighbouring equipment, not to mention the electrical arcing caused by voltage overshoots. Poorly tuned gate drive circuits and excessive trace inductances cause ringing and can be prevented to some degree. Development costs also inhibit the use of shielding enclosures or robust filters. I found this out annoyingly that noise from my car's USB adapter started coupling with the AUX cable. Unsurprisingly, it went away after I started using a braided cable that was heavily shielded.

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2 Effects of noise and interference

The effects of noise and interference from power electronics converters vary based on the frequency, amplitude, and duration of the disturbances, as well as the characteristics of the affected devices and systems. Some of the common effects include EMC issues, harmonic distortion, voltage fluctuations, and audible noise. EMC issues can cause malfunctions, errors, or failures that compromise the safety, functionality, and quality of the devices and systems. Harmonic distortion can distort voltage and current waveforms, reducing power factor and efficiency. Voltage fluctuations can affect stability and performance of the converter and other devices. Audible noise can cause annoyance or discomfort to people or animals exposed to it. To avoid these effects, power electronics converters must comply with relevant EMC standards and regulations which specify maximum allowable levels of noise and interference.

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3 Noise and interference reduction techniques

There are several techniques that can be used to reduce noise and interference from power electronics converters, such as switching frequency optimization, snubber circuits, filtering, and shielding. Optimizing the switching frequency can shift the noise and interference to a frequency range that is less harmful or easier to filter. Snubber circuits can suppress voltage and current spikes, reducing electromagnetic fields and conducted and radiated interference. Filtering is the process of removing or attenuating unwanted components of the noise and interference. Shielding is the process of enclosing or covering the converter circuit with a conductive material, such as metal or foil, which can reduce radiated interference and susceptibility of the converter and other devices. All of these techniques can help improve power quality and EMC performance of the converter.

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4 Noise and interference measurement and analysis

To manage the noise and interference from power electronics converters effectively, it is necessary to measure and analyze them accurately and reliably. Oscilloscopes can be used to display the voltage and current waveforms of the converter and other devices, as well as monitor the switching actions, harmonic distortion, voltage fluctuations, and snubber circuits. Spectrum analyzers can show the frequency spectrum of the noise and interference, their magnitude, frequency, bandwidth, harmonic and intermodulation products. Power analyzers can display the power parameters of the converter and other devices, such as active power, reactive power, apparent power, power factor, efficiency, and energy consumption. Sound level meters are devices that measure the sound pressure level of audible noise by showing its intensity, frequency, duration, equivalent continuous sound level (Leq), and sound exposure level (SEL). All these instruments and methods can help to monitor the conducted and radiated interference, switching frequency, filtering of the converter, power quality, audible noise effects on humans or animals.

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5 Noise and interference management strategies

Based on the measurement and analysis of the noise and interference from power electronics converters, it is possible to develop and implement effective noise and interference management strategies. These strategies include noise and interference mitigation, which involves applying reduction techniques to the converter and other devices; noise and interference compensation, which involves adjusting control parameters of the converter; and noise and interference avoidance, which involves selecting or designing the converter and other devices to minimize generation or exposure of the noise. Each of these strategies can improve performance, reliability, accuracy, efficiency, flexibility, compatibility, robustness, and quality of the converter and other devices. Additionally, they can reduce environmental impact and regulatory compliance costs.

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Todd Hayes

President/Chief Executive Officer
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Managing noise and interference is essential to maintain the integrity of electronic systems and meet regulatory requirements. Implementing a combination of filtering, grounding, shielding, and other techniques, while adhering to EMC standards, will help you achieve a reliable and interference-free operation. Here are some key strategies we have found over the years to address this challenge: Filtering and Decoupling Capacitors Grounding and Shielding Layout and Routing (EMI) filters between the power converter and the load Differential Signaling Grounding Techniques Snubber Circuits Isolation Transformers Compliance with Standards Soft Switching Proper Component Selection Feedback Control Testing and Simulation Consult EMC Experts

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Алекс Григорьев

Welding inspector. Natural gas supply pipline project.
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The best way to avoid from inverters/ converters noise and interference is don't use them where it's possible. Specifically, inverters AC- DC type.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Ralph Johnson

Maintenance Electrician
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Careful wire routing, the proper use of shielded cables, and strategic placement of noise filters will eliminate any noise issues.

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How can you manage noise and interference from power electronics converters?

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3

4

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6

1 Sources of noise and interference

2 Effects of noise and interference

3 Noise and interference reduction techniques

4 Noise and interference measurement and analysis

5 Noise and interference management strategies

6 Here’s what else to consider

Power Engineering

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How can you manage noise and interference from power electronics converters?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Sources of noise and interference

2 Effects of noise and interference

3 Noise and interference reduction techniques

4 Noise and interference measurement and analysis

5 Noise and interference management strategies

6 Here’s what else to consider

Power Engineering

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