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Last updated on 2024年11月26日

How can you maintain switchgear in power distribution systems?

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Switchgear is a vital component of power distribution systems, as it protects and controls the flow of electricity between different sources and loads. However, switchgear can also be subject to various faults and failures, such as insulation degradation, contact wear, corrosion, and overheating. Therefore, regular maintenance of switchgear is essential to ensure its optimal performance, safety, and reliability. In this article, you will learn how to maintain switchgear in power distribution systems, following some basic steps and best practices.

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1 Identify the type of switchgear

The first step in maintaining switchgear is to identify the type of switchgear you are dealing with, as different types may have different maintenance requirements and procedures. For example, switchgear can be classified by its voltage level (low, medium, or high), its insulation medium (air, gas, oil, or vacuum), its interrupting device (circuit breaker, contactor, fuse, or switch), and its construction (metal-enclosed, metal-clad, or open). You should also check the manufacturer's specifications and manuals for the switchgear, as they may provide useful information and recommendations for maintenance.

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José Vileimar

Engenheiro Eletricista / Supervisor / Gest?o de Equipe / Energia Renovável
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Primeiro verificar se o equipamento que vai ser realizado a manuten??o é realmente o que você está com a área isolada para evitar um possível erro de equipamento, principalmente quando se trata de um local com vários quadros próximos e a depender da manuten??o, se você vai fazer com ele energizado ou n?o, tudo isso muda o roteiro.

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2 Perform visual inspection

The next step in maintaining switchgear is to perform a visual inspection of its external and internal parts, looking for any signs of damage, wear, or deterioration. You should check the switchgear enclosure, the busbars, the cables, the connections, the grounding, the labels, the indicators, the interlocks, the seals, the vents, and the fans. You should also look for any evidence of dirt, dust, moisture, oil leaks, corrosion, overheating, arcing, or burning. If you find any abnormal or defective conditions, you should report them and take corrective actions as soon as possible.

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Eyyup C.

Solar Energy Expert | Medium Voltage & Low Voltage Engineer | Resolving Grid Issues | Managing Teams | Electrical Engineer | Founder & Director & Lead of CV Consultancy | LinkedIn Profile Optimizer | CV Editor-in-Chief
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Visual inspection was a crucial step for maintenance work, however, through visual inspection, only damaged components that could cause power outages and faults could be identified. Alongside visual inspection, all components due for periodic maintenance should be replaced or serviced. Some components like cup insulators may have cracks that are not visible to the naked eye or may have lost their insulating properties, causing electrical leakage.

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José Vileimar

Engenheiro Eletricista / Supervisor / Gest?o de Equipe / Energia Renovável
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Na Inspe??o Visual é muito importante verificar sinais de descarga ou vazamento de corrente na parte externa a fim de precaver um possível acidente ao tocar nessa caixa.

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3 Conduct electrical tests

The third step in maintaining switchgear is to conduct electrical tests to measure and verify its functionality and performance. Depending on the type and condition of the switchgear, you may need to perform different tests, such as insulation resistance, contact resistance, dielectric withstand, power factor, circuit breaker timing, trip unit calibration, relay testing, and protection coordination. You should use appropriate instruments and procedures for each test, and compare the results with the baseline values or the standards. You should also record and document the test results and any deviations or anomalies.

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Eyyup C.

Solar Energy Expert | Medium Voltage & Low Voltage Engineer | Resolving Grid Issues | Managing Teams | Electrical Engineer | Founder & Director & Lead of CV Consultancy | LinkedIn Profile Optimizer | CV Editor-in-Chief
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Maintenance tests for the switchgear can be conducted on-site, but if there is no mobile vehicle available to perform the tests, the most appropriate action would be to dismantle the switchgear and send it to the factory. Additionally, periodic maintenance and the service life of the equipment must be taken into consideration.

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José Vileimar

Engenheiro Eletricista / Supervisor / Gest?o de Equipe / Energia Renovável
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Durante a Realiza??o de testes Elétricos é muito importante saber quais ensaios s?o realizados em determinado equipamento, saber quanto de Tens?o ou Corrente aquele equipamento suporta, se é necessário ele está aberto ou fechado, ter planilhas específicas para registrar os valores medidos.

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4 Clean and lubricate

The fourth step in maintaining switchgear is to clean and lubricate its parts to remove any dirt, dust, or debris that may affect its operation or cause damage. You should use suitable cleaning agents and tools for each part, such as compressed air, vacuum cleaner, cloth, brush, or solvent. You should also apply lubricant to the moving parts, such as contacts, hinges, springs, and bearings, to reduce friction and wear. You should follow the manufacturer's instructions and guidelines for cleaning and lubricating the switchgear, and avoid using excessive or inappropriate materials.

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José Vileimar

Engenheiro Eletricista / Supervisor / Gest?o de Equipe / Energia Renovável
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A depender do tipo do mecanismo n?o se deve aplicar qualquer graxa, caso realize uma lubrifica??o com material inapropriado você pode danificar esse equipamento, se é um equipamento que recebe uma certa temperatura, uma graxar inapropriada pode ressecar e travar esse equipamento.

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5 Adjust and tighten

The fifth step in maintaining switchgear is to adjust and tighten its parts to ensure proper alignment and contact. You should check the switchgear for any loose or misaligned parts, such as screws, bolts, nuts, washers, clamps, spacers, or gaskets. You should also check the switchgear for any gaps, cracks, or deformations that may compromise its integrity or insulation. You should use suitable tools and techniques to adjust and tighten the switchgear parts, and apply the correct torque and pressure. You should also verify the switchgear operation and functionality after adjusting and tightening.

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José Vileimar

Engenheiro Eletricista / Supervisor / Gest?o de Equipe / Energia Renovável
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Nessa parte e essencial que seja realizado o reaperto de todos os parafusos, dependendo do equipamento pode passar uma corrente por esses parafusos e causar um ponto quente, principalmente em secundária de TCs.

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6 Review and report

The final step in maintaining switchgear is to review and report your findings and actions. You should summarize the results of your inspection, testing, cleaning, lubricating, adjusting, and tightening, and identify any issues or problems that need further attention or resolution. You should also document and update the switchgear maintenance records and logs, and report any relevant information or recommendations to the management or the stakeholders. You should also follow up on any corrective or preventive actions that you have taken or suggested, and monitor the switchgear performance and condition over time.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you maintain switchgear in power distribution systems?

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1 Identify the type of switchgear

2 Perform visual inspection

3 Conduct electrical tests

4 Clean and lubricate

5 Adjust and tighten

6 Review and report

7 Here’s what else to consider

Energy Management

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