How can you engineer plant tissues to resist disease?

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Plant diseases can cause significant losses in crop yield and quality, affecting food security and income for farmers. To prevent or reduce the impact of plant diseases, bioengineers have developed various methods to modify plant tissues to make them more resistant to pathogens. In this article, you will learn how you can engineer plant tissues to resist disease using four different approaches: genetic engineering, tissue culture, gene editing, and synthetic biology.

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KESHAV SINGH

Assistant Professor Biotechnology ll M.Tech II Founder at BIOTECH WORLD INDIA ll A learner always ll Building…
Paritosh Patel

Doctoral Candidate @ PBRC | ex-ICMR-JRF | Virology | Immunology | Non-Thermal Plasma Bioscience | Immunodiagnostic |…

1 Genetic engineering

Genetic engineering is the process of introducing foreign genes into plant cells to confer new traits or enhance existing ones. For example, you can engineer plant tissues to resist disease by transferring genes that code for resistance proteins, enzymes, or toxins that can inhibit or kill the pathogen. You can also engineer plant tissues to produce antibodies, vaccines, or antiviral agents that can protect them from infection. Genetic engineering requires the use of vectors, such as plasmids, viruses, or bacteria, to deliver the desired genes into the plant cells.

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KESHAV SINGH

Assistant Professor Biotechnology ll M.Tech II Founder at BIOTECH WORLD INDIA ll A learner always ll Building Biocommunity
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Genetic engineering can be employed to develop plants with enhanced disease resistance. This involves introducing specific genes into plant cells to confer resistance to diseases caused by viruses, fungi, or bacteria. Scientists can identify and isolate genes from disease-resistant plants or other organisms and introduce them into the target plant through techniques like gene transfer or transformation. These introduced genes can encode proteins that directly combat pathogens or activate plant defense mechanisms. By integrating disease resistance genes, plants can be engineered to have improved abilities to recognize and defend against pathogen attacks, reducing crop damage and yield loss caused by diseases.

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Paritosh Patel

Doctoral Candidate @ PBRC | ex-ICMR-JRF | Virology | Immunology | Non-Thermal Plasma Bioscience | Immunodiagnostic | Environmental\Nano\Aquatic Toxicology
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1) Genetic engineering in the single-cell stage. 2) If not genetic engineering. Then possibly cross- breeding of between two desirable trait plants

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Jo?o Oliveira

Engenheiro Biomédico | Engenheiro Clínico | Gest?o de Tecnologias em Saúde | Engenheiro de Seguran?a do Trabalho
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A engenharia genética é uma ferramenta poderosa que permite a manipula??o genética de organismos para atingir objetivos específicos. No contexto vegetal, essa prática torna-se valiosa ao introduzir genes estranhos capazes de conferir novas características ou aprimorar as já existentes. Um exemplo prático é o projeto de tecidos vegetais para resistir a doen?as, onde a transferência de genes que codificam proteínas, enzimas ou toxinas de resistência pode fortalecer a imunidade da planta contra patógenos. Além disso, a engenharia genética possibilita a cria??o de tecidos vegetais capazes de produzir anticorpos, vacinas ou agentes antivirais, fornecendo uma abordagem inovadora para proteger as plantas contra infec??es.

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2 Tissue culture

Tissue culture is the process of growing plant cells, tissues, or organs in a sterile and controlled environment. You can engineer plant tissues to resist disease by using tissue culture techniques, such as somatic hybridization, protoplast fusion, or somaclonal variation. Somatic hybridization is the fusion of two different plant cells to create a hybrid cell with combined traits. Protoplast fusion is the fusion of two plant cells without cell walls to create a new cell with novel characteristics. Somaclonal variation is the generation of genetic diversity among plant cells derived from the same tissue or organ.

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KESHAV SINGH

Assistant Professor Biotechnology ll M.Tech II Founder at BIOTECH WORLD INDIA ll A learner always ll Building Biocommunity
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Tissue culture, also known as micropropagation, can be used to produce disease-resistant plant tissues. This technique involves the cultivation of plant cells, tissues, or organs in a nutrient-rich medium under controlled conditions. By selecting healthy plant tissues that are free from diseases, they can be multiplied rapidly in the lab. Prior to the multiplication process, genetic engineering techniques can be employed to introduce disease-resistant genes into the plant tissues. The resulting clones can then be transferred to soil, generating disease-resistant plants. Tissue culture enables the production of a large number of disease-resistant plants rapidly, ensuring their availability for propagation and cultivation.

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3 Gene editing

Gene editing is the process of making precise and targeted changes to the DNA sequence of plant cells using molecular tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, or ZFNs. You can engineer plant tissues to resist disease by using gene editing techniques, such as gene knockout, gene insertion, or gene replacement. Gene knockout is the removal or disruption of a specific gene that may make the plant susceptible to disease. Gene insertion is the addition of a new gene that may confer resistance to disease. Gene replacement is the substitution of a native gene with a modified or improved version that may enhance resistance to disease.

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4 Synthetic biology

Synthetic biology is the process of designing and creating new biological systems or components that do not exist in nature. You can engineer plant tissues to resist disease by using synthetic biology methods, such as metabolic engineering, biosensors, or biocircuits. Metabolic engineering is the manipulation of the metabolic pathways of plant cells to produce new or improved molecules that may have antimicrobial or immunomodulatory effects. Biosensors are devices that can detect and respond to specific signals, such as pathogens, stress, or environmental cues. Biocircuits are networks of genes or proteins that can perform specific functions, such as regulating gene expression, signaling, or feedback loops.

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5 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you engineer plant tissues to resist disease?

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1 Genetic engineering

2 Tissue culture

3 Gene editing

4 Synthetic biology

5 Here’s what else to consider

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