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How can you determine the optimal location for a power system filter?

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Power system filters are devices that reduce or eliminate unwanted harmonics in the electrical network. Harmonics are distortions of the sinusoidal waveform caused by nonlinear loads, such as converters, rectifiers, and inverters. They can affect the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the power system and its components. Therefore, it is important to choose the optimal location for a power system filter to achieve the best harmonic mitigation.

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Ir. Ts. Maxx Wong Meng Fai

Digital | Infrastructure | Sustainability | Technology | Engineering | Data Center
Engr.Manash Chakraborty

**"Engineering Consultant & Trainer | 30+ Years in Electrical & Project Management | Expert in Real Estate…
Mohamad F.

Instructor and Designer

1 Why filter location matters

The location of a power system filter can have a significant impact on its effectiveness and cost. If the filter is placed too close to the harmonic source, it may not be able to handle the high current and voltage levels, resulting in overheating, overloading, or resonance. If the filter is placed too far from the harmonic source, it may not be able to reduce the harmonic distortion sufficiently, leading to poor power quality and wasted energy. Moreover, the filter location can affect the interaction between different filters and other power system components, such as transformers, capacitors, and generators.

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Engr.Manash Chakraborty

**"Engineering Consultant & Trainer | 30+ Years in Electrical & Project Management | Expert in Real Estate, Infrastructure, & Industrial Projects , Facilities Management.
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It's a crucial & critical to make filter for perfect location. Need harmonics analysis..then set the parameters as lumped impedance or bypass harmonics and impact of fundamental power frequency.

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Mohamad F.

Instructor and Designer
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The power system filters are essentially needed for high level harmonics and poor power quality consumers, such as large power electronic equipment which are exponentially increasing among power electrical customers. The best spot for the filters is as close as possible to the device, and front door is the suitable option for better local power provider service and inspection.

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Ir. Sugeng S.T

Project Coordinator
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In My experience during design stage when We Electrical System having equipment with Harmonic contribution from the load such as Motor, Pump, Air Conditioning, Chiller Plan in the bigger load better locallize near of Load and if We Have many equipment contains Harmonic and small capacity effective put at centrallize near of source main distribution of switchboard before main equipment (Transformers or utility services).

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2 How to find the optimal filter location

When selecting the optimal filter location, several factors should be taken into account, such as the type and size of the filter, the configuration and impedance of the network, and the number and location of the harmonic sources. As a general rule, filters should be placed as close as possible to the harmonic source without being in parallel with it. Additionally, they should be placed at a point where the harmonic current is high and the harmonic voltage is low to maximize filter efficiency. Furthermore, it's important to select a point where the network impedance is high and short-circuit power is low to reduce the risk of resonance and overloading. Additionally, choosing a point that can benefit multiple harmonic sources will save space and cost while also improving power factor and voltage regulation for enhanced power quality and stability.

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Ir. Ts. Maxx Wong Meng Fai

Digital | Infrastructure | Sustainability | Technology | Engineering | Data Center
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In my experience, I always choose passive harmonic filter, ie. isolation transformer, to isolate the harmonic feedback generated by the IT server. As in optimal location of the filter, it will be as close to IT server (the load) as possible. It is to minimize the harmonic feedback (current and voltage) to be aggregated at the upstream and cause nuisance tripping of protection relay.

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Joe Slaughter

DefineTheBox.com Founder Sales Engineer for Industrial Automation, Contract and Seconded Automation Engineer, Controls Architect, Validation Engineer IQ OQ PQ, HACCP, layer1holdings.com/joe
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Power use case matters, if dirty power does the work you have less need for a filter. I filter power upstream of vfds, to prevent making the upstream power dirty. I filter before phase angle heaters because that's one way to induce harmonics

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3 How to verify the filter location

Once you have selected a potential filter location, you need to verify its performance and suitability using simulation tools and field measurements. Simulation tools can help you model the power system and the filter characteristics, and analyze the harmonic spectrum, the filter current and voltage, the network impedance, and the power quality indicators. Field measurements can help you validate the simulation results and check the actual harmonic levels, filter operation, and network conditions. You should compare the simulation and measurement data with the harmonic standards and limits, and adjust the filter location if necessary.

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M.Onur G.

Electrical Engineering Specialist
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Using Etap like Harmonic Analysis Software you can do calculations according to following standarts: IEEE 519 ANSI/IEEE 399 IEEE 141 IEEE 519-2014 - MV / HV / EHV IEC 61000-3-14 - LV IEC 61000-3-6

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4 How to optimize the filter location

After verifying the filter location, you can optimize it further by fine-tuning the filter parameters, such as the capacitance, inductance, resistance, and tuning frequency. You can also optimize the filter location by adding or removing filters, changing their types or sizes, or relocating them to different points. The goal is to achieve the best trade-off between harmonic mitigation, filter efficiency, filter cost, and network performance.

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5 How to maintain the filter location

Finally, you should maintain the filter location by monitoring and testing the filter and the network regularly, and updating the simulation and measurement data accordingly. You should also check for any changes in the network configuration, load profile, harmonic sources, or harmonic standards and limits, and modify the filter location if needed. By doing so, you can ensure the optimal operation and longevity of the filter and the power system.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you determine the optimal location for a power system filter?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Why filter location matters

2 How to find the optimal filter location

3 How to verify the filter location

4 How to optimize the filter location

5 How to maintain the filter location

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Design

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How can you determine the optimal location for a power system filter?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Why filter location matters

2 How to find the optimal filter location

3 How to verify the filter location

4 How to optimize the filter location

5 How to maintain the filter location

6 Here’s what else to consider

Electrical Design

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