How can you design system architecture for easy communication and understanding?

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System architecture is the high-level design of how the components of a system interact and collaborate to achieve a common goal. It is essential for system architects, developers, and stakeholders to communicate and understand the system architecture clearly and effectively. In this article, you will learn how to design system architecture for easy communication and understanding, using some best practices and tools.

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Mehul Poladia

Cybersecurity | Engineering Leader | Identity | Access | Application Security | Cyber Data Science | CISSP

1 Define the scope and context

The first step in designing system architecture is to define the scope and context of the system. What is the purpose and vision of the system? What are the functional and non-functional requirements? Who are the users and stakeholders? What are the external dependencies and constraints? By answering these questions, you can establish the boundaries and expectations of the system, and identify the key scenarios and use cases.

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Mehul Poladia

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Boundaries are important when defining the scope. The scope should also contain a section explicitly defining what is not in the scope. It provides more clarity to the consumers and keeps the focus on the subject at hand.

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2 Choose an appropriate architectural style

The next step is to choose an appropriate architectural style for the system. An architectural style is a set of principles and patterns that guide the structure, behavior, and interaction of the system components. For example, some common architectural styles are client-server, layered, microservices, event-driven, and peer-to-peer. Each style has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the system requirements and context. By choosing an architectural style, you can simplify the design decisions and ensure consistency and coherence across the system.

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Mehul Poladia

Cybersecurity | Engineering Leader | Identity | Access | Application Security | Cyber Data Science | CISSP
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Another way to define system architecture is at different layers. I would, at least, put in a Business layer, a Data/Information layer, and a Technology layer. Having these layers helps stakeholders understand the system in the terms they best understand.

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3 Use standard notation and terminology

The third step is to use standard notation and terminology to document and communicate the system architecture. Standard notation and terminology can help avoid ambiguity and confusion, and facilitate collaboration and feedback. For example, you can use Unified Modeling Language (UML) to create diagrams that illustrate the system components, relationships, interactions, and behaviors. You can also use common terms and acronyms that are widely accepted and understood in the system domain and industry.

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Mehul Poladia

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Use industry standard modeling languages. These models are not just for technical audiences but for business users and system analysts as well. Using modeling languages like ArchiMate from "The Open Group" is can help decompose business use-cases to systems designs to technical models.

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4 Apply design principles and best practices

The fourth step is to apply design principles and best practices to improve the quality and maintainability of the system architecture. Design principles and best practices are general guidelines and recommendations that can help you avoid common pitfalls and achieve desirable outcomes. For example, some design principles and best practices are modularity, cohesion, coupling, abstraction, encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, scalability, reliability, security, and performance. By applying design principles and best practices, you can enhance the functionality, usability, and adaptability of the system.

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5 Use tools and frameworks

The fifth step is to use tools and frameworks to support and automate the system architecture design process. Tools and frameworks can help you create, visualize, validate, and refine the system architecture, as well as generate code, documentation, and tests. For example, some tools and frameworks are Visual Studio, Eclipse, Rational Software Architect, Sparx Systems Enterprise Architect, Spring Boot, Django, Ruby on Rails, and Angular. By using tools and frameworks, you can save time and effort, and increase productivity and efficiency.

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6 Review and revise

The final step is to review and revise the system architecture periodically and iteratively. Reviewing and revising the system architecture can help you ensure that it meets the system requirements and expectations, and that it reflects the changes and feedback from the users and stakeholders. You can use various methods and techniques to review and revise the system architecture, such as peer reviews, prototyping, testing, simulation, and evaluation. By reviewing and revising the system architecture, you can improve the accuracy and completeness of the system design, and achieve continuous improvement and learning.

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Mehul Poladia

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A good architecture can anticipate business changes and should be flexible enough to accommodate them. But as businesses keep evolving, so should the system architecture. So be open to changing your models as and when the need arises.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you design system architecture for easy communication and understanding?

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1 Define the scope and context

2 Choose an appropriate architectural style

3 Use standard notation and terminology

4 Apply design principles and best practices

5 Use tools and frameworks

6 Review and revise

7 Here’s what else to consider

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