How can you design software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment?

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Maintaining software architecture is a crucial aspect of application development, especially in an agile environment where changes are frequent and unpredictable. Software architecture defines the high-level structure, behavior, and quality attributes of a system, such as performance, scalability, security, and modularity. How can you design software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment? Here are some tips and best practices to follow.

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Vinay Kumar

Director of Engineering & Enterprise Architecture | Chief Architect- EMEA | Author
Sander Dur

???? Teaching awesome courses and leading organizations to create the best products | ?? Hosting the Mastering Agility…
Hari Chinthalapale

Seeking opportunities in IT transformation/modernization

1 Adopt an evolutionary approach

Instead of trying to design the perfect architecture upfront, which is often unrealistic and rigid, adopt an evolutionary approach that allows you to adapt and improve the architecture as the requirements and feedback change. Use iterative and incremental methods, such as Scrum or Kanban, to deliver working software in short cycles and validate the architecture with stakeholders and users. Refactor and restructure the architecture as needed to address technical debt, emerging risks, and new opportunities.

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Vinay Kumar

Director of Engineering & Enterprise Architecture | Chief Architect- EMEA | Author
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Designing software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment requires a combination of principles, practices, and tools that support iterative development, flexibility, and collaboration. Here are some key strategies: Modularity: Break down the system into smaller, cohesive modules or components with well-defined interfaces. Clear Separation of Concerns: Ensure that each module or component has a single responsibility. Use of Design Patterns: Apply commonly used design patterns such as MVC (Model-View-Controller), Dependency Injection, and Observer to promote code reusability, maintainability, and flexibility.

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Sander Dur

???? Teaching awesome courses and leading organizations to create the best products | ?? Hosting the Mastering Agility podcast | ?? Speaking at worldwide conferences
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The way I like to picture this is like imagining Europe without any roads. Then I hire a company to pave a road from my house to Rome. When they're done, I start driving. Halfway I find out that I don't want to go to Rome anymore, but I want to head to Madrid. But I have no option to do so because I laid down the entire architecture and infrastructure. I would have benefitted a lot more from creating just a little bit of infrastructure ahead on which I can build my features, and frequently inspect and adapt in order to ensure we are still moving toward whatever goal we are pursuing, without unnecessary investments.

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Rémy Wehrung
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Optez pour une approche évolutive de conception architecturale, adaptable aux changements. Utilisez des méthodes itératives comme Scrum pour valider l'architecture régulièrement, et refactorisez-la selon les besoins pour gérer les risques et les opportunités.

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2 Apply architectural patterns and principles

Architectural patterns and principles are proven solutions and guidelines that help you design software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment. Some of the common patterns and principles include microservices, domain-driven design, and SOLID. Microservices divide a system into small, independent, and loosely coupled services that communicate through well-defined interfaces. This enables faster development, deployment, testing, and scaling of each service, as well as better fault isolation and resilience. Domain-driven design focuses on modeling the system based on the business domain, its concepts, and rules. This helps to create a common language and understanding between developers and domain experts, as well as to organize the code and services according to the domain boundaries and contexts. SOLID is a set of principles that promote clean and maintainable code by following the concepts of single responsibility, open-closed, Liskov substitution, interface segregation, and dependency inversion. These principles help to reduce coupling, increase cohesion, and enhance modularity and testability of the code.

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Hari Chinthalapale

Seeking opportunities in IT transformation/modernization
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It really depends on the solution and cost constraints at play. Knowledge gap used to be a factor is such considerations. AI and assistive technologies are becoming such a transformational force within organizations to bridge such gaps. They are bound to influence design evolution across multiple domains. There is also the perspective of compliance such as 12 -factors etc that tend to operate at the governance level for architecture. So getting that stack in place should be a priority for organizations looking to leverage new solutions

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3 Use architectural views and documentation

Architectural views and documentation are essential tools to communicate and document the software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment. Architectural views are different perspectives or representations of the system that highlight different aspects or concerns of the architecture, such as logical, physical, functional, or non-functional. Documentation is the written description and explanation of the architecture, its rationale, decisions, assumptions, and trade-offs. You can use various frameworks and standards, such as 4+1, C4, or ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010, to create architectural views and documentation that are consistent, concise, and relevant.

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Rémy Wehrung
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Les vues architecturales et la documentation sont cruciales pour communiquer l'architecture logicielle. Utilisez des frameworks comme 4+1 ou C4 pour créer des vues concises et pertinentes, facilitant la maintenance dans un environnement agile.

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4 Involve the whole team

Designing software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment is not a one-time or one-person activity. It requires the involvement and collaboration of the whole team, including developers, testers, analysts, architects, product owners, and customers. The team should share the vision and goals of the architecture, participate in the design and review sessions, provide feedback and suggestions, and take ownership and responsibility for the architecture. The team should also follow the agreed-upon standards, practices, and tools to ensure the quality and consistency of the architecture.

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5 Learn from feedback and experience

The last tip to design software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment is to learn from feedback and experience. Feedback can come from various sources, such as users, customers, stakeholders, metrics, tests, or reviews. Experience can come from your own projects, as well as from other projects, teams, or experts. You should use feedback and experience to evaluate and improve the architecture, identify and resolve issues, discover and apply best practices, and avoid and prevent mistakes. You should also share and document your feedback and experience to help yourself and others learn and grow as software architects.

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Rémy Wehrung
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Apprenez des commentaires et de l'expérience pour améliorer l'architecture logicielle. Utilisez diverses sources de commentaires et d'expérience pour évaluer, résoudre les problèmes, appliquer les meilleures pratiques et partager vos connaissances.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Ademar Hurtado

QA Manager | Full Stack Developer | Agile Frameworks Expert | Software Engineer | Automation | Business Process Analyst | Process Automation
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Una buena práctica es adoptar una arquitectura de microservicios para dividir la aplicación en servicios independientes y altamente cohesivos. Dise?ar componentes que tengan una única responsabilidad (SRP) y hagan una cosa bien. Utilizar una arquitectura orientada a servicios y desplegar funcionalidades a través de la API facilita la integración, el reemplazo de componentes y la evolución independiente. Implementar suites de pruebas automatizadas exhaustivas para garantizar que los cambios no introduzcan regresiones. Minimizar las dependencias entre componentes. Evitar la complejidad innecesaria, ya que sistemas más simples son más fáciles de entender, mantener y mejorar.

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How can you design software architecture that is easy to maintain in an agile environment?

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1 Adopt an evolutionary approach

2 Apply architectural patterns and principles

3 Use architectural views and documentation

4 Involve the whole team

5 Learn from feedback and experience

6 Here’s what else to consider

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