How can you design and implement randomized controlled trials for peer support interventions?

1 Define your research question

The first step is to define your research question, which should be clear, specific, and relevant to the peer support field. Your research question should state what you want to compare (e.g., peer support intervention vs. usual care), what outcome you want to measure (e.g., depression, recovery, quality of life), and who you want to include (e.g., adults with depression, veterans with PTSD). You should also consider the feasibility, acceptability, and ethical implications of your research question.

4 Select your outcome measures and data collection methods

The fourth step is to select your outcome measures and data collection methods, which should be valid, reliable, and sensitive to the changes expected from your intervention. You should choose primary and secondary outcomes that are relevant to your research question, the peer support literature, and the stakeholders involved. You should also decide when and how to collect data (e.g., using self-report questionnaires, interviews, observations, or biomarkers), and how to ensure the quality and integrity of the data (e.g., using blinding, standardization, or verification procedures).

5 Calculate your sample size and recruit your participants

The fifth step is to calculate your sample size and recruit your participants, which should be sufficient, representative, and ethical. You should estimate your sample size based on the expected effect size, the statistical power, the significance level, and the potential dropouts of your study. You should also use appropriate and effective recruitment strategies (e.g., using flyers, referrals, or social media), and obtain informed consent from your participants. You should also consider the diversity, inclusion, and safety of your participants, and address any barriers or challenges to their participation.

6 Analyze your data and report your results

The final step is to analyze your data and report your results, which should be accurate, transparent, and comprehensive. You should use appropriate and robust statistical methods (e.g., using intention-to-treat, per-protocol, or subgroup analyses), and report the descriptive and inferential statistics of your study. You should also follow the CONSORT guidelines, which are a set of standards for reporting RCTs. You should also interpret your results in relation to your research question, the peer support literature, and the implications for practice, policy, and research.

7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?