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How can you design a human-machine interface for optimal safety and efficiency in industrial automation?

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Industrial automation is the use of machines, software, and sensors to perform tasks that were previously done by humans. Automation can increase productivity, quality, and profitability, but it also poses challenges for human-machine interaction. How can you design a human-machine interface (HMI) that ensures optimal safety and efficiency in industrial automation? Here are some tips to consider.

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Yaniel Torres, P.Eng., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor | Human Factors Engineer | Safety Professional
Hassan Harb

Senior Consultant Industy 4.0 ?| Operations & Projects @newboot.io??| Digital Twins | Edge Computing | Artificial…

1 Understand the user

The first step in designing a HMI is to understand the user's needs, preferences, capabilities, and limitations. You should conduct user research, such as interviews, surveys, observations, and task analysis, to identify the user's goals, tasks, workflows, and pain points. You should also consider the user's physical, cognitive, and emotional characteristics, such as age, education, experience, skills, motivation, and stress level. By understanding the user, you can design a HMI that matches their expectations, supports their decision making, and reduces their workload and errors.

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Yaniel Torres, P.Eng., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor | Human Factors Engineer | Safety Professional
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First of all, the intention of use associated with the task that the user must perform must be known. That is, what is the objective of the task in which the user must interact with the device or technology. Second, it is essential to understand the context and contextual factors that can influence performance. In the first case, when we talk about human fallibility we refer to the limitations of humans in terms of cognitive information processing abilities: perception, short-term memory, psychomotor skills, attention, mental models, etc. There are methodologies to help in the interface design processes.

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2 Apply design principles

The second step in designing a HMI is to apply design principles that enhance the usability, functionality, and aesthetics of the interface. Such principles include simplicity, visibility, affordance, feedback, and error prevention and recovery. Simplicity ensures that the HMI is clear, concise, and consistent without unnecessary complexity or clutter. Visibility requires the appropriate display of information and feedback at the right time and place with colors, fonts, icons, and graphics. Affordance indicates the possible actions and interactions with familiar and intuitive controls and symbols. Feedback should be immediate and meaningful with auditory, visual, or tactile cues. Error prevention and recovery should be implemented using validation, confirmation, warnings, and undo functions.

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Hassan Harb

Senior Consultant Industy 4.0 ?| Operations & Projects @newboot.io??| Digital Twins | Edge Computing | Artificial Intelligence | Business & Engineering
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Clear Interface: Ensure that the HMI is free from unnecessary elements, keeping only essential information visible. Consistency: Maintain a consistent layout, color scheme, and navigation throughout the interface. Conciseness: Use concise and straightforward language for labels, instructions, and messages.

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3 Test and evaluate

The third step in designing a HMI is to test and evaluate the interface with real or potential users, using various methods and metrics. You should test the HMI in different stages of the design process, from low-fidelity prototypes to high-fidelity mockups, to collect feedback and identify issues. You should also evaluate the HMI in terms of usability, performance, satisfaction, and safety, using quantitative and qualitative data, such as surveys, interviews, observations, task completion time, error rate, and workload. By testing and evaluating the HMI, you can improve the design and ensure that it meets the user's and the system's requirements.

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Yaniel Torres, P.Eng., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor | Human Factors Engineer | Safety Professional
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Design prototypes should always be evaluated under controlled or laboratory conditions. Users must be able to give their opinion regarding the different elements of the interface design. Objective metrics can also be used. The use of eye tracking is a technology that helps to know in which sections vision is concentrated. Participants can also be asked to perform tasks to evaluate execution times and error rates, for example.

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4 Consider the context

The fourth step in designing a HMI is to consider the context of use, such as the environment, the system, and the organization. When analyzing the factors that may affect the user's interaction with the HMI, you should take into account the physical and ambient conditions of the environment, such as lighting, noise, temperature, and vibration. Additionally, it's important to ensure that the HMI is integrated with the system's functionality, reliability, and security. Finally, it should align with the organization's culture, policies, and procedures in order to facilitate communication and collaboration among the user, the system, and other stakeholders.

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5 Follow the standards

The fifth step in designing a HMI is to adhere to the standards and guidelines that apply to the specific industry, domain, and application. Standards and guidelines are sets of rules and recommendations that define the best practices and requirements for HMI design. They are essential for complying with legal and ethical regulations, ensuring the quality and consistency of the HMI, and avoiding common pitfalls and errors. Examples of standards and guidelines for HMI design include ISO 9241: Ergonomics of human-system interaction, ANSI/ISA-101.01: Human machine interfaces for process automation systems, NUREG-0700: Human-system interface design review guidelines, and NISTIR 8049: Guidelines for human-machine interface usability in industrial control systems.

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6 Keep learning

The sixth step in designing a HMI is to keep learning and updating your knowledge and skills in HMI design. This dynamic and evolving field requires continuous learning and improvement, which can be achieved by staying up to date with the latest trends, technologies, and research in HMI design. This includes artificial intelligence, augmented reality, haptic feedback, and brain-computer interface. By following these steps, you can design a HMI that improves the safety and efficiency of industrial automation as well as the user's experience and satisfaction.

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Yaniel Torres, P.Eng., Ph.D.

Assistant Professor | Human Factors Engineer | Safety Professional
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End users must have a mechanism to inform or provide feedback to the designers of the artifact or system about deficiencies or possible improvements. The use of the device or system should be closely monitored for a first period (one year, for example).

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you design a human-machine interface for optimal safety and efficiency in industrial automation?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Understand the user

2 Apply design principles

3 Test and evaluate

4 Consider the context

5 Follow the standards

6 Keep learning

7 Here’s what else to consider

Industrial Engineering

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How can you design a human-machine interface for optimal safety and efficiency in industrial automation?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Understand the user

2 Apply design principles

3 Test and evaluate

4 Consider the context

5 Follow the standards

6 Keep learning

7 Here’s what else to consider

Industrial Engineering

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