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How can you conduct research with participants who have disabilities?

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Conducting research with participants who have disabilities can be challenging, but also rewarding and insightful. You can learn a lot from their perspectives, needs, and preferences, and design more inclusive and accessible products and services. However, you need to plan, prepare, and conduct your research with care and respect, and follow some best practices to ensure a positive and ethical experience for everyone involved. In this article, we will share some tips on how to do that.

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Siddharth Tewari

UI/UX Designer
Sarika Shrivastava Shah

Special Educator and Consultant
Oscar Javier Ballesteros Marin

Dise?ador Grafico Digital web/UX/UI │ Product desinger │ Figma │ Busqueda activa de nuevas oportunidades

1 Understand the types of disabilities

Before you recruit and invite participants who have disabilities, you need to understand the different types and categories of disabilities, and how they affect people's abilities and experiences. According to the World Health Organization, there are four main types of disabilities: physical, sensory, cognitive, and mental. Each type can have different levels of severity, impact, and variation. For example, some people may have multiple disabilities, some may have temporary or fluctuating disabilities, and some may have hidden or invisible disabilities. You need to research the specific characteristics and challenges of each type of disability, and how they relate to your research topic and goals.

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Siddharth Tewari

UI/UX Designer
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Conducting research with participants who have disabilities requires careful planning and consideration to ensure inclusivity. As a seasoned UX designer, I've found it crucial to start by understanding the specific needs and limitations of each participant. This involves clear communication, offering multiple channels for participation (such as remote interviews or in-person sessions with accommodations), and providing assistive technologies if necessary. It's essential to create a comfortable environment where participants feel empowered to express their experiences and challenges.

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Oscar Javier Ballesteros Marin

Dise?ador Grafico Digital web/UX/UI │ Product desinger │ Figma │ Busqueda activa de nuevas oportunidades
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En mi experiencia, abordé este tema con una empresa dedicada a la salud visual, específicamente a la venta de lentes de contacto y gafas. Se clasificaron algunas enfermedades más comunes y menos comunes. Utilizaba extensiones de navegadores que simulaban problemas de visión, lo cual resultó útil. Mantenemos un constante feedback con optómetras para clasificar las necesidades de los pacientes, considerando que tipos de enfermedades visuales varían con la edad en algunos casos. En los testimonios recolectados por pacientes y de optómetras de la compa?ía fue fundamental para tener un panorama más claro. Además desarrollamos estrategias de contenido educativo para orientar a los usuarios hacia el profesional adecuado.

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Natalia Rosset García

Abogada. Especialista en derecho de la vejez y dependencia. Asesora jurídica y social. Te ayudo a planificar tu jubilación. Asesora de entidades sociales.Divulgadora y Docente
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Según mi experiencia trabajado con personas con discapacidad, es muy importante (en función del perfil de cada usuario y si discapacidad) 1.- Contextualizar 2.- Adaptar la información de forma que se entendible para la persona (Ej. lectura facial) 3.- El entrevistador o recopilador de la información debe tener la capacidad suficiente para reconducir hacia el objetivo deseado con esa investigación para ello es fundamental conocer y entender que discapacidad y grado tiene la persona entrevistada para adaptase a ella

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Yogita Chauhan

Product Designer | User Experience Designer | User Researcher | User Interface Designer | Ex Reliance | Ex Amazon
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Use accessible research methods, provide alternative formats, ensure physical and digital accessibility, offer assistive technologies, accommodate diverse needs, and prioritize inclusive communication throughout the research process.

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2 Adapt your research methods and tools

Depending on the type and level of disability of your participants, you may need to adapt your research methods and tools to accommodate their needs and preferences. For example, if you are conducting interviews, you may need to use alternative communication methods, such as sign language, text, or voice assistants, for people who have hearing or speech impairments. If you are conducting usability tests, you may need to use assistive technologies, such as screen readers, magnifiers, or keyboards, for people who have visual or motor impairments. You may also need to adjust the length, pace, and complexity of your research sessions, and provide breaks, feedback, and support as needed.

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Natalia Rosset García

Abogada. Especialista en derecho de la vejez y dependencia. Asesora jurídica y social. Te ayudo a planificar tu jubilación. Asesora de entidades sociales.Divulgadora y Docente
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Insisto en que la lectura fácil debería ser obligatoria cuando se realizan este tipo de investigaciones. Los documentos o enunciados complejos dificultan gravemente la realización de estas investigaciones.

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3 Recruit and screen participants carefully

When you recruit and screen participants who have disabilities, you need to be respectful, transparent, and inclusive. You need to clearly explain the purpose, scope, and format of your research, and what you expect from them. You need to ask them about their disability, but only in a relevant and respectful way, and not as a defining or limiting factor. You need to avoid making assumptions or generalizations about their abilities or experiences, and instead listen to their individual needs and preferences. You also need to ensure that you have a diverse and representative sample of participants, and not exclude or marginalize anyone based on their disability.

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Sugata Chaki

Principal UX Researcher, Product Designer, DesignOps ◆ UX Mentor ◆ Human Centered Design Advocate ◆ ?? 17 Years of Success in User Centered Design ◆ Banking, SaaS, TTH ◆ ?? Helping Companies to improve UX maturity level
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I have not yet conducted research with disable participants, but I have seen how one of my co researcher did this. I was a part of that team. Make sure your goal is well aligned with your recruitment. Do lot of brainstorm and paper work before recruiting disable participants. Because these users are very crucial for your research and you won't get second chance to conduct research with the same participants. Also do pilot run multiple times before conducting actual research.

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4 Prepare your research environment and materials

Before you conduct your research with participants who have disabilities, you need to prepare your research environment and materials to ensure they are accessible and comfortable for them. You need to check the physical accessibility of your research location, such as the entrance, parking, elevator, restroom, and furniture, and make any necessary modifications or arrangements. You need to check the digital accessibility of your research platform, website, app, or prototype, and make sure they comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) or other standards. You also need to check the readability and clarity of your research materials, such as consent forms, instructions, questions, or tasks, and make sure they are easy to understand and follow.

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5 Conduct your research with empathy and respect

During your research with participants who have disabilities, you need to conduct your research with empathy and respect. You need to treat them as equal and valuable partners in your research, and not as objects or subjects of pity or curiosity. You need to be polite, friendly, and supportive, and avoid any patronizing, insensitive, or offensive language or behavior. You need to be flexible, attentive, and responsive, and adapt to their pace, style, and feedback. You need to respect their privacy, autonomy, and consent, and not disclose or share any personal or sensitive information without their permission.

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Natalia Rosset García

Abogada. Especialista en derecho de la vejez y dependencia. Asesora jurídica y social. Te ayudo a planificar tu jubilación. Asesora de entidades sociales.Divulgadora y Docente
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No debemos olvidar que estos participantes son el elemento clave en la investigación, la discapacidad es el requisito para participar en estas investigaciones (como lo son las mujeres cuando hablamos de feminismo). Desde mi experiencia y entender no cabe aclaración sobre el respeto o especial cuidado, simplemente se merecen ese respeto y cuidado como cualquier ser humano por el hecho de serlo.

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6 Follow up and thank your participants

After you conduct your research with participants who have disabilities, you need to follow up and thank your participants for their time and contribution. You need to provide them with a summary of your research findings and outcomes, and how they helped you achieve your research goals and improve your product or service. You need to ask them for any feedback or suggestions on how to improve your research process and experience. You also need to thank them with a token of appreciation, such as a gift card, voucher, or donation, and let them know how to contact you if they have any questions or concerns.

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Sarika Shrivastava Shah

Special Educator and Consultant
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One thing I have found helpful is, if the research is about the disability of the participants who have that disability then they should be involved from the inception level of the research. Their opinion is vital if this particular research would help them and their community .No research should be conducted for them without them. E.g: If there is a research for Autism Spectrum Disorders and the topic is 'How to improve eye contact in autistic adults?'. Before conducting such a research, it is important to check with the adult autistic community if they would like to improve on their eye contact. May be less eye contact helps them regulate self better and our research is going to take that away from them, which might not be acceptable.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you conduct research with participants who have disabilities?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Understand the types of disabilities

2 Adapt your research methods and tools

3 Recruit and screen participants carefully

4 Prepare your research environment and materials

5 Conduct your research with empathy and respect

6 Follow up and thank your participants

7 Here’s what else to consider

User Research

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How can you conduct research with participants who have disabilities?

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1 Understand the types of disabilities

2 Adapt your research methods and tools

3 Recruit and screen participants carefully

4 Prepare your research environment and materials

5 Conduct your research with empathy and respect

6 Follow up and thank your participants

7 Here’s what else to consider

User Research

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