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How can you balance dialogue levels with other audio elements?

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Balancing dialogue levels with other audio elements is a crucial skill for film production. Dialogue is the main source of information and emotion for the audience, so it needs to be clear, consistent, and coherent. However, dialogue also needs to blend with the music, sound effects, and ambience that create the mood, atmosphere, and realism of the film. How can you achieve this balance without compromising either aspect? Here are some tips and techniques to help you.

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Steven Farrell

RTE EFP Sound Mixer

1 Record clean dialogue

The first step to balance dialogue levels is to record clean dialogue. This means using the right microphone, position, and settings for each scene and character. You want to capture the natural tone, volume, and dynamics of the dialogue, while minimizing the background noise, distortion, and feedback. You also want to avoid clipping, peaking, or popping, which can damage the audio quality and make it hard to edit later.

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Steven Farrell

RTE EFP Sound Mixer
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For a professional broadcast programme, hire a sound mixer. It can be very difficult for a camera op to monitor sound, set levels, while operating a camera and watching the light at the same time. There is a tendency for some programmes to use just a camera op to shoot and record audio, and rely on the Editor and a Dubbing mixer to balance all the sound. While this is common practice for News/ Current Affairs with a quick turnaround, it is a different story with a documentary. Having an experienced sound mixer will save time and money. When I started out in TV, I was told "The BBC will accept bad pictures but not bad sound" If the project you're shooting has no mixer, use the right mic. Record atmos wildtracks of each location.

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2 Edit dialogue tracks

The next step is to edit the dialogue tracks. This involves trimming, splitting, and arranging the dialogue clips to match the picture and the script. You also need to apply some basic processing, such as noise reduction, equalization, compression, and normalization, to enhance the clarity, consistency, and loudness of the dialogue. You may also need to use some advanced techniques, such as crossfading, fading, and automation, to smooth out the transitions, gaps, and overlaps between the dialogue clips.

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3 Mix dialogue with other elements

The final step is to mix the dialogue with the other audio elements. This involves adjusting the volume, panning, and frequency of each track to create a balanced and harmonious soundstage. You want to make sure that the dialogue is audible and intelligible, but not too loud or dominant over the other elements. You also want to create a sense of depth, space, and movement, by using effects such as reverb, delay, and modulation. You may also need to use some tools, such as ducking, sidechaining, and buses, to control the dynamics and interaction between the tracks.

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4 Use reference levels and meters

One way to help you balance dialogue levels is to use reference levels and meters. Reference levels are standard values that indicate the optimal loudness and dynamic range for different types of audio. For example, the dialogue level for film is usually around -24 dBFS (decibels relative to full scale), while the music and sound effects level is around -30 dBFS. Meters are devices that measure and display the level, peak, and loudness of the audio. For example, a VU meter (volume unit meter) shows the average level, while a LUFS meter (loudness unit relative to full scale) shows the perceived loudness.

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Avinash K.

Mastering the Edit | 7+ Years Experience | Lynx Grand Prix winner 23' | Video Editor, Colorist & Videographer
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I always use this reference while leveling audio: 1. Clipping: First rule is to make sure nothing goes above 0 dB. Clipping is bad. 2. Dialogue: -10 dB is a good place for typical dialogue 3. Sound Effects: The volume of Sound Effects(SFX) can vary a lot (-10 db to -30 dB) 4. Music Score: Try keeping your score somewhere around -20 dB to -30 dB.

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5 Use your ears and judgment

Another way to help you balance dialogue levels is to use your ears and judgment. Reference levels and meters are useful guidelines, but they are not absolute rules. Different films may require different levels and mixes, depending on the genre, style, and intention. You also need to consider the context, emotion, and impact of each scene and dialogue. Sometimes, you may want to emphasize or de-emphasize the dialogue, by making it louder or quieter, or by adding or removing other elements. The most important thing is to listen carefully and critically, and to make adjustments based on your artistic vision and feedback.

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Avinash K.

Mastering the Edit | 7+ Years Experience | Lynx Grand Prix winner 23' | Video Editor, Colorist & Videographer
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Shoutout to Chris from Film Editing Pro for the following pearls of wisdom: Not evert moment needs to be accented. And, not every accented moment needs to be maximized.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can you balance dialogue levels with other audio elements?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Record clean dialogue

2 Edit dialogue tracks

3 Mix dialogue with other elements

4 Use reference levels and meters

5 Use your ears and judgment

6 Here’s what else to consider

Film Production

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How can you balance dialogue levels with other audio elements?

1

2

3

4

5

6

1 Record clean dialogue

2 Edit dialogue tracks

3 Mix dialogue with other elements

4 Use reference levels and meters

5 Use your ears and judgment

6 Here’s what else to consider

Film Production

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