How can smart materials improve the future of space exploration?

1 Shape memory alloys

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are metals that can recover their original shape after being deformed by applying heat or electricity. This makes them ideal for applications that require precise and reversible movements, such as actuators, sensors, valves, and hinges. For example, SMAs can be used to deploy solar panels, antennas, or sensors on spacecraft and satellites, or to fold and unfold rovers for landing and mobility. SMAs can also reduce the weight and complexity of the mechanical systems, as they do not need gears, motors, or hydraulics.

2 Piezoelectric materials

Piezoelectric materials are materials that generate electric voltage when they are subjected to mechanical stress, or vice versa. This means that they can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, or electrical energy into mechanical energy. For example, piezoelectric materials can be used to harvest energy from vibrations, shocks, or acoustic waves in space, or to create vibrations for propulsion, navigation, or communication. Piezoelectric materials can also be used to monitor the structural health of spacecraft and satellites, as they can detect cracks, deformations, or damages by measuring the changes in electric signals.

3 Electrochromic materials

Electrochromic materials are materials that change their color or transparency when they are exposed to electric fields. This means that they can control the amount of light or heat that passes through them, or create visual effects. For example, electrochromic materials can be used to create smart windows or coatings for spacecraft and satellites, that can adjust the thermal insulation, radiation protection, or visibility according to the needs. Electrochromic materials can also be used to create smart displays or indicators for astronauts, that can show information, warnings, or instructions.

5 Biomimetic materials

Biomimetic materials are materials that mimic the structure or function of natural materials, such as plants, animals, or microorganisms. This means that they can benefit from the evolution, adaptation, or diversity of nature, and create novel or improved solutions. For example, biomimetic materials can be used to create smart sensors or actuators for spacecraft and satellites, that can sense or respond to the environment, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, or chemical composition. Biomimetic materials can also be used to create smart materials for astronauts, that can enhance their performance, comfort, or health, such as breathable, thermal, or antibacterial materials.

Smart materials are not only fascinating, but also essential for the future of space exploration. By using smart materials, we can create more advanced, reliable, and sustainable systems and devices, that can cope with the challenges and opportunities of the final frontier.

6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?