How can shot size convey emotions in visual storytelling?

1 Shot size categories

There are many ways to classify shot sizes, but a common system is to use six main categories: extreme long shot (ELS), long shot (LS), medium shot (MS), close-up (CU), extreme close-up (ECU), and insert. Each category has a different degree of intimacy, detail, and scope, and can evoke different feelings in the viewer. For example, an ELS can create a sense of isolation, awe, or insignificance, while a CU can create a sense of intimacy, empathy, or intensity.

2 Shot size and emotions

Shot size can influence how the audience feels about the characters, the situation, and the theme of the story. By choosing the right shot size for each moment, you can enhance the emotional impact of your film. Generally speaking, an Extreme Long Shot (ELS) conveys emotions such as loneliness and detachment, while a Long Shot (LS) can suggest freedom and adventure. A Medium Shot (MS) can evoke interest or curiosity, while a Close-Up (CU) can express intimacy or empathy. An Extreme Close-Up (ECU) conveys obsession or horror, and an Insert Shot can surprise or intrigue. Each shot size also has its own purpose in establishing location, mood, action, dialogue, symbolism, and more.

3 Shot size and visual language

Shot size is not only a technical choice, but also a creative one. It is part of the visual language of film, and it can communicate meaning and message beyond words. To use shot size effectively, you need to consider aspects of visual language such as composition, movement, angle, and lighting. Composition can create balance, contrast, harmony, or tension in your shot; movement can create rhythm, pace, energy, or emotion; angle can create perspective, point of view, attitude, or mood; and lighting can create contrast, tone, atmosphere, or mood. All of these elements can guide the eye and attention of the viewer as well as influence their perception and reaction.

4 Shot size and storytelling

Shot size is an essential part of storytelling in film, as it can support and enhance the plot and the theme. When choosing a shot size, you should consider the genre, characters, conflict, and theme of your film. For example, a horror film may use more ECU and insert shots to create fear and suspense, while a comedy film may use more LS and MS shots to create humor and fun. A shy and introverted character may be shown in more LS and ELS shots to express their isolation, while a confident character may be shown in more CU and ECU shots to show their charisma. A physical conflict may be shown in LS or MS shots to show the action, while a psychological conflict may be shown in CU or ECU shots to show the emotion. Lastly, a theme of isolation may be shown in ELS or LS shots to show emptiness, while a theme of love may be shown in CU or ECU shots to show closeness.

5 Shot size and variation

Shot size is not a fixed or rigid choice, but a flexible and dynamic one. It is an essential part of film, as it provides interest and engagement for the audience. To use shot size effectively, you need to consider aspects of variation, such as continuity, contrast, and balance. Continuity can be achieved by following rules and guidelines such as the 180-degree rule and the eyeline match. Contrast can be achieved by breaking or changing these rules. Balance can be achieved by using a variety of shot sizes and adjusting them according to the context and intention of your film. Continuity, contrast, and balance can help create a smooth transition between shots, emphasize the importance of moments, and convey emotions and messages.