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How can bioreactor landfills improve waste management?

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Landfills are one of the most common ways to dispose of solid waste, but they also pose environmental and health risks. Landfills produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas, and leachate, a contaminated liquid that can pollute groundwater and soil. However, there is a way to make landfills more efficient and sustainable: bioreactor landfills. In this article, you will learn what bioreactor landfills are, how they work, and what benefits they offer for waste management.

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Ivan Rosales Delgado

Especialista en Sostenibilidad y Seguridad Laboral
Nirmala Menikpura

Carbon/LCA/Sustainability Specialist l Marquis Who's Who Top Scientists for 2023-2024 l Senior Fellow at Institute of…

1 What are bioreactor landfills?

Bioreactor landfills are landfills that are designed to enhance the biological decomposition of organic waste by adding moisture and oxygen. Unlike conventional landfills, where waste is buried and compacted to minimize air and water infiltration, bioreactor landfills create optimal conditions for microbes to break down waste faster and more completely. Bioreactor landfills can be classified into three types: aerobic, anaerobic, and hybrid.

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Ivan Rosales Delgado

Especialista en Sostenibilidad y Seguridad Laboral
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Los vertederos aeróbicos son ineficientes y sus implementación requiere de grandes extensiones de terreno y operativamente son muy costosos. Se requiere un estrecho contacto del residuos con el aire y ello requiere suministro externo de aire o la remoción mecánica para la aereación. Los verterderos anaeróbicos requieren menos extensión pero deben ser mas profundos (mayor de 12 mts) y requieren de un buen sistema de impermeabilización, recogida de lixiviados y recuperación del biogas. La mejor opción es un sistema anaeróbico ya que existe el potencial de la recuperación y uso energético del biogas (CH4) ya que su PCI ronda los 4300kcal/m3.

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2 How do bioreactor landfills work?

Bioreactor landfills work by controlling the moisture and oxygen levels in the waste mass. Moisture is added through leachate recirculation, irrigation, or injection, while oxygen is supplied through air injection, extraction, or passive vents. The moisture and oxygen stimulate the microbial activity and accelerate the degradation of organic matter. As a result, bioreactor landfills produce more biogas and less leachate than conventional landfills.

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Ivan Rosales Delgado

Especialista en Sostenibilidad y Seguridad Laboral
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La recirculación de lixiviados representa un riesgo para las personas y el entorno ambiental. Ellos tienen un alto poder contaminante del agua y del suelo. También son perjuduciales para la salud de las personas. No menos importante los malos olores que serán arrastrados por el viento, afectando a las comunidades y a los trabajadores. Los bioreactores aeróbicos no producen biogas

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3 What are the benefits of bioreactor landfills?

Bioreactor landfills provide a number of advantages for waste management, such as reducing the landfill volume and extending its life by increasing waste settlement and compaction, as well as increasing biogas generation and recovery. Additionally, bioreactor landfills can improve leachate quality and quantity by decreasing the organic content and volume of the leachate. Moreover, bioreactor landfills can enhance landfill stability and closure by minimizing long-term environmental and operational risks. Such landfills can be closed sooner and with less post-closure care than conventional landfills.

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Nirmala Menikpura

Carbon/LCA/Sustainability Specialist l Marquis Who's Who Top Scientists for 2023-2024 l Senior Fellow at Institute of Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
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Bioreactor landfills revolutionize waste management by expediting organic waste decomposition through controlled liquid and air circulation. This accelerates waste breakdown and stabilization, maximizing landfill capacity while minimizing environmental risks. Methane gas produced during decomposition can be actively captured and then utilize LFG as a renewable energy source (heating source or producing electricity), reducing GHG emissions. By managing moisture levels, bioreactors also diminish leachate production, lowering environmental contamination risks.

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James Thompson

President at Waste Business Journal
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The enhanced decomposition of the waste also increases the capacity of the landfill, according to some studies, by as much as 30 percent.

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4 What are the challenges of bioreactor landfills?

Bioreactor landfills present some challenges, such as requiring more capital and operational costs than conventional landfills due to the need for moisture and oxygen delivery systems, biogas collection and treatment systems, and leachate management systems. Additionally, they demand more technical expertise and monitoring than conventional landfills due to the complexity and variability of the biological processes and potential issues of odors, fires, and explosions. Moreover, they must comply with regulatory and legal frameworks that may not be adapted to the bioreactor landfill concept, posing potential barriers or uncertainties for permitting, liability, and incentives.

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Ivan Rosales Delgado

Especialista en Sostenibilidad y Seguridad Laboral
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Ante las exigencias que la problemática ambiental nos impone hoy día, es necesario cambiar el modelo de producción e imponer la economía circular como mejor y mas eficiente gestión. El desafío es la prevención en el generación de residuos, reciclar, reparar, volver a usar. Despues valorización material y energética. Por último enviar a vertedero lo que sea irrecuperable por vias convencionales y económicas

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5 How can bioreactor landfills be implemented?

The implementation of bioreactor landfills depends on site conditions, waste characteristics, project objectives, and stakeholder preferences. For example, retrofitting an existing landfill to incorporate moisture and oxygen addition and biogas recovery is one option. Alternatively, new landfills can be designed from the beginning with bioreactor features and optimized landfill layout. Lastly, bioreactor techniques can be applied to specific landfill cells or sections by creating separate zones within the landfill that can be operated as bioreactor landfills while the rest of the landfill remains conventional.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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How can bioreactor landfills improve waste management?

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1 What are bioreactor landfills?

2 How do bioreactor landfills work?

3 What are the benefits of bioreactor landfills?

4 What are the challenges of bioreactor landfills?

5 How can bioreactor landfills be implemented?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Environmental Services

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How can bioreactor landfills improve waste management?

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6

1 What are bioreactor landfills?

2 How do bioreactor landfills work?

3 What are the benefits of bioreactor landfills?

4 What are the challenges of bioreactor landfills?

5 How can bioreactor landfills be implemented?

6 Here’s what else to consider

Environmental Services

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