Jerome Nikolai Warren回复了: However, I think it's important to go beyond "professionalism" and facts, since "professionalism" can be a fig leaf for apologizing for formalism, such as retrenching formal hierarchies in an organization (seniority, authority). At the same time, facts can be interpreted differently and data can be manipulated to reinforce certain points of view / hypotheses. I don't think I can answer the question generally without having some knowledge about the nature of the organization in question. For instance, in a past professional standoff, the problem was a mismatch between competence & authority. In fact, the person tasked with evaluating the project had little or no competence in the area and so had a poor reference to judge. Hard to reconcile.