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What are the top skills for selecting materials in 3D printing?

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3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a process of creating three-dimensional objects from digital models by depositing layers of material on top of each other. 3D printing has many applications in various fields, such as engineering, medicine, art, and education. However, choosing the right material for your 3D printing project is not always easy. You need to consider factors such as the properties, performance, cost, availability, and compatibility of the materials with your 3D printer and design. In this article, we will discuss what are the top skills for selecting materials in 3D printing and how you can develop them.

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Farhad Khorasani

Sales Manager at Mana Polymer

1 Material properties

One of the most important skills for selecting materials in 3D printing is understanding the material properties and how they affect the quality and functionality of your printed object. Material properties include mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, and chemical characteristics, such as strength, stiffness, ductility, density, melting point, conductivity, transparency, and corrosion resistance. You need to know how to measure, compare, and evaluate these properties according to your design requirements and specifications. You also need to be aware of how the 3D printing process can alter the material properties due to factors such as temperature, pressure, speed, and layer orientation.

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Farhad Khorasani

Sales Manager at Mana Polymer
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Selecting materials for 3D printing demands expertise in diverse materials, printability assessment for specific technologies, aligning material properties with application needs, and making cost-effective decisions. A deep understanding of polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites is crucial, encompassing their properties and behavior during printing. Evaluating materials for adhesion, resolution, and compatibility ensures optimal performance. Aligning material characteristics with application requirements, such as mechanical strength and thermal properties, is essential. Competence in cost-benefit analyses, considering material and processing costs, ensures economically sound material choices for successful 3D printing projects.

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Severin Bucher

aerospace engineering student TU Dresden
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First of all, you need to be aware of what the component is needed for and what loads will occur. Once this has been defined, some materials can be ruled out. A prototype does not have to fulfil high temperature requirements or strengths, but the structural properties for stressed components are very important and must be taken into account. You should also consider which machines and production processes are available to you.

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Dr. Sharanabasava V. Ganachari

School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi-580031
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Top skills for selecting materials in 3D printing include: 1. Understanding material properties like strength, flexibility, and heat resistance. 2. Knowledge of printing technology compatibility with materials (e.g., FDM, SLA). 3. Familiarity with material characteristics affecting printability, such as viscosity and shrinkage. 4. Ability to assess cost-effectiveness and availability of materials. 5. Awareness of post-processing requirements for different materials, like sanding or curing. 6. Experience in optimizing material parameters for desired print quality and performance.

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Vikram Verma

Category Manager @ G-Next | MSMS, Retail Merchandising
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The top skills for selecting materials in 3D printing include a deep understanding of material properties, compatibility with printing technology, knowledge of application requirements, and consideration of cost and availability. Stay updated on emerging materials and their printing parameters for optimal results. #3DPrinting #MaterialSelection #MaterialProperties #PrintingTechnology #ApplicationRequirements

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2 Material performance

Another key skill for selecting materials in 3D printing is predicting and testing the material performance under different conditions and environments. Material performance refers to how the material behaves and interacts with external forces and stimuli, such as stress, strain, fatigue, wear, impact, vibration, moisture, heat, and light. You need to know how to model, simulate, and experiment with the material performance using various methods and tools, such as finite element analysis, computational fluid dynamics, stress analysis, and mechanical testing. You also need to be able to interpret and communicate the results and findings of your material performance analysis.

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Severin Bucher

aerospace engineering student TU Dresden
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FEM and CFD are a good start for localising the stresses and strains that will occur and estimating their magnitude. However, the manufacturing process and the component orientation in the manufacturing process must be known for the exact design. This is the only way to achieve correct results with simulations, as many manufacturing processes in additive manufacturing generate anisotropic properties in the component.

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3 Material cost

A third essential skill for selecting materials in 3D printing is estimating and optimizing the material cost and availability. Material cost includes the direct and indirect expenses associated with acquiring, processing, and using the material for your 3D printing project. You need to know how to calculate and compare the material cost per unit weight, volume, or surface area, as well as the total material cost for your entire project. You also need to consider the availability and accessibility of the material in terms of supply, demand, and distribution. You need to be able to balance the trade-offs between the material cost and quality, and find ways to reduce the material waste and consumption.

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Severin Bucher

aerospace engineering student TU Dresden
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Most CAD software offers the option of calculating the weight of the component if the material is known. The slicing programmes then offer the option of predicting the material needed. This makes it possible to estimate how much material is actually required for the component. More expensive materials then offer better mechanical properties, but are also more difficult to process or can only be processed using more expensive machines.

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4 Material compatibility

A fourth crucial skill for selecting materials in 3D printing is assessing and ensuring the material compatibility with your 3D printer and design. Material compatibility refers to how the material matches and adheres to the 3D printer specifications and settings, such as the nozzle diameter, extrusion temperature, bed temperature, print speed, and layer height. You need to know how to select and adjust the appropriate parameters for your material type and grade, as well as how to troubleshoot and solve any issues or errors that may arise during the 3D printing process. You also need to consider the material compatibility with your design features and dimensions, such as the shape, size, complexity, and accuracy of your printed object.

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5 Material innovation

A fifth and final skill for selecting materials in 3D printing is exploring and creating new material possibilities and combinations. Material innovation refers to how the material can offer new or improved functions, aesthetics, or experiences for your 3D printing project. You need to know how to research and experiment with different material options and alternatives, such as composite, hybrid, smart, or bio-based materials. You also need to be able to mix and blend different materials to achieve desired properties and performance, such as multi-material, multi-color, or gradient printing. You need to be creative and curious about the potential and limitations of the materials you use for 3D printing.

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6 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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What are the top skills for selecting materials in 3D printing?

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1 Material properties

2 Material performance

3 Material cost

4 Material compatibility

5 Material innovation

6 Here’s what else to consider

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