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What are the steps to create a test plan in SDLC?

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A test plan is a document that describes the objectives, scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities for a software project. It also defines the test criteria, methods, tools, and responsibilities of the test team. A test plan is an essential part of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC), as it helps to ensure the quality, functionality, and reliability of the software product. In this article, we will explain the steps to create a test plan in SDLC, based on the IEEE 829 standard.

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1 Analyze the requirements

The first step to create a test plan is to analyze the requirements of the software project, such as the functional, non-functional, performance, security, and usability requirements. This will help to identify the test objectives, scope, and risks of the testing process. You should also review the design and architecture documents, user stories, use cases, and acceptance criteria to understand the features and functionalities of the software product.

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Rose Campasano

Vice President Of Industry Solutions
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In my years of experience providing software validation packages at the companies I worked; having a clear and easy-to-understand set of business requirements is key to being able to create the testing strategy. Think in terms of both software and non-software related testing needs, as well as the human aspects.

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Andrew Banks

Technical Specialist at LDRA Limited
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IEEE 829 was superceded by ISO/IEC/IEEE 29119-3:2013 in *2013*... So IEEE 829 is a rather obsolete starting point or objective.

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2 Define the test strategy

The next step is to define the test strategy, which is a high-level document that outlines the overall approach and methodology of testing. It includes the test levels, types, techniques, and phases that will be applied to the software product. It also specifies the test environment, test data, test tools, test metrics, and test reporting formats that will be used. The test strategy should align with the project goals, budget, timeline, and quality standards.

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3 Develop the test scenarios and cases

The third step is to develop the test scenarios and cases, which are detailed descriptions of the test conditions, inputs, outputs, and expected results for each feature or functionality of the software product. You should use the requirements, design, and user stories as the basis for creating the test scenarios and cases. You should also follow the test techniques and methods defined in the test strategy, such as boundary value analysis, equivalence partitioning, error guessing, etc.

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4 Prepare the test data and scripts

The fourth step is to prepare the test data and scripts, which are the actual data and code that will be used to execute the test cases. The test data should be realistic, valid, and sufficient to cover all the possible scenarios and cases. The test scripts should be written using the test tools and languages selected in the test strategy, such as Selenium, JUnit, Python, etc. You should also ensure that the test data and scripts are consistent, maintainable, and reusable.

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Ginette De Baerdemaeker
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While test plans and test strategies are indispensable in SDLC for organized and efficient testing, the success of any software project ultimately depends on the capabilities of the people involved. Their knowledge, experience, and leadership are the driving forces that enable the development and testing teams to deliver a high-quality software product on time and within budget. Strong leadership on Project Level and within the testing team is essential for driving the testing effort, maintaining motivation, and ensuring that the testing goals align with the project's objectives. Leaders can make quick decisions, prioritize testing activities, and resolve conflicts, which are critical for meeting project deadlines and quality standards.

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5 Execute the test cases and report the results

The fifth step is to execute the test cases and report the results, which involves running the test data and scripts on the test environment and comparing the actual outcomes with the expected outcomes. You should follow the test plan and schedule defined in the test strategy, and use the test metrics and reporting formats specified in the test strategy. You should also document any defects, errors, or issues that occur during the testing process, and assign them to the relevant developers or stakeholders.

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6 Evaluate the test outcomes and close the testing process

The final step is to evaluate the test outcomes and close the testing process, which involves analyzing the test results, metrics, and reports to assess the quality, functionality, and reliability of the software product. You should also verify that all the test objectives, scope, and criteria have been met, and that all the defects, errors, or issues have been resolved or addressed. You should also review the test plan, strategy, scenarios, cases, data, and scripts to identify any lessons learned, best practices, or improvement opportunities for future testing projects.

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Timothy Countee

Director, Finance Business Solutions at United States Postal Service
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Don't let project schedule force premature closure of test phase. Be honest about results and allocate the necessary time to ensure appropriate test coverage.

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7 Here’s what else to consider

This is a space to share examples, stories, or insights that don’t fit into any of the previous sections. What else would you like to add?

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Kevin Yancy
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You should also highlight how important regression testing is. It's all well and good if the testing of new features and enhancements goes well, but it is even more important IMHO that you make sure those new changes didn't break existing functionality you already had in place and deployed. Re-running prior test cases against what may be a large codebase can be tough from a time standpoint however it is critical. Automation can help with this, but even just regression testing of the core features of your app is better coverage than no regression testing at all.

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Sridevi Pham

Executive Director @ Kaiser Permanente | Leading Technology Transformations
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One thing I found helpful is a clear approach when it comes to enterprise complex systems. Approach digs a little into addressing customer pain points what are the boundaries of end to end and integrated testing, the engagement of customers and their role. This will take away the guess and address end user needs ahead of time.Approach normally the more visual more successful the outcome.

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David Lomax

Product Manager @ Trisoft Ltd | Product Strategies
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In an agile world, it's best to see a test plan as a living document. Obviously it will be added to with new test cases and scenarios, but we also need to consider reanalysis of the plan based on an ever changing scope. This can affect the tools used, the people deployed and add significantly to the budget.

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What are the steps to create a test plan in SDLC?

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1 Analyze the requirements

2 Define the test strategy

3 Develop the test scenarios and cases

4 Prepare the test data and scripts

5 Execute the test cases and report the results

6 Evaluate the test outcomes and close the testing process

7 Here’s what else to consider

Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

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